Circulating Levels of Betatrophin and Irisin Are Not Associated with Pancreatic β-Cell Function in Previously Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Table 2
Characteristics of the study participants by AUC of C-peptide quartiles in T2DM subjects.
Characteristics
Quartile 1 ()
Quartile 2 ()
Quartile 3 ()
Quartile 4 ()
-valuea
Female [ (%)]
18 (60.0%)
12 (40.0%)
9 (30%)
13 (43.3%)
0.127
Age (years)
61.6 ± 2.0
54.0 ± 2.6b
53.8 ± 2.4b
55.8 ± 3.0b
0.098
BMI (kg/m2)
24.1 ± 0.8
25.6 ± 0.6
27.3 ± 0.8b
28.2 ± 0.9bc
0.001
Systolic BP (mmHg)
137.3 ± 3.3
129.1 ± 2.5
133.6 ± 3.7
131.4 ± 3.0
0.315
Diastolic BP (mmHg)
74.4 ± 2.3
74.5 ± 1.9
79.4 ± 2.9
78.6 ± 2.4
0.302
FBG (mmol/L)
7.8 ± 0.5
8.1 ± 0.5
7.7 ± 0.6
7.6 ± 0.4
0.527
HbA1c (%)
9.2 ± 0.4
8.9 ± 0.4
8.3 ± 0.3
8.1 ± 0.4d
0.025
Fasting insulin (mIU/L)
10.0 (5.1–15.4)
11.2 (6.3–16.8)
12.3 (8.6–16.5)
15.8 (11.1–20.1)
0.051
Fasting C-peptide (ng/mL)
0.6 ± 0.1
1.3 ± 0.1b
1.7 ± 0.1bc
2.6 ± 0.1bcd
<0.001
HOMA2-%B
21.7 (14.5–27.3)
39.7 (25.4–60.2)b
37.9 (29.1–63.0)b
82.9 (46.5–102.1)bcd
< 0.001
HOMA2-%S
166.7 (130.2–274.8)
96.7 (71.0–131.7)b
72.5 (51.9–96.2)bc
44.2 (38.6–59.0)bcd
<0.001
HOMA2-IR
0.6 (0.3–0.7)
1.0 (0.8–1.4)b
1.4 (1.1–1.9)bc
2.3 (1.7–2.6)bcd
<0.001
Duration of diabetes (years)
13.2 ± 1.6
7.0 ± 1.1b
7.8 ± 1.4b
6.0 ± 1.0b
0.001
Insulin secretagogues treatment [ (%)]
11 (36.7%)
17 (56.7%)
20 (66.7%)
17 (56.7%)
0.110
Other antidiabetic medications [ (%)]
23 (76.7%)
21 (70.0%)
28 (93.3%)
26 (86.7%)
0.096
Insulin treatment [ (%)]
23 (76.7%)
16 (53.3%)
9 (30.0%)b
5 (16.7%)bc
<0.001
Triglyceride (mmol/L)
1.1 (0.7–1.5)
1.6 (1.1–2.3)b
1.7 (1.0–2.1)b
1.9 (1.4–2.6)b
<0.001
Cholesterol (mmol/L)
4.9 ± 0.2
4.6 ± 0.2
4.5 ± 0.2
5.0 ± 0.2
0.191
HDL-C (mmol/L)
1.5 ± 0.1
1.2 ± 0.1b
1.3 ± 0.1b
1.2 ± 0.0b
0.001
LDL-C (mmol/L)
2.8 ± 0.2
2.7 ± 0.1
2.6 ± 0.1
3.0 ± 0.1
0.217
Betatrophin (pg/mL)
637.0 ± 92.3
522.2 ± 70.1
633.9 ± 88.2
575.6 ± 70.4
0.720
Irisin (ng/mL)
3.6 ± 0.2
3.1 ± 0.2
3.1 ± 0.2
3.6 ± 0.2
0.073
The data are expressed as the means ± SEM or median (interquartile range) or numbers (%). AUC, area under the curve; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HOMA2-%B, homoeostasis model assessment of β-cell function; HOMA2-%S, homoeostasis model assessment of insulin sensitivity; HOMA2-IR, homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. aDifference between four groups; bP < 0.05 compared with Quartile 1 group; cP < 0.05 compared with Quartile 2 group; dP < 0.05 compared with Quartile 3 group.
