Metformin Protects H9C2 Cardiomyocytes from High-Glucose and Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury via Inhibition of Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Inflammatory Responses: Role of AMPK and JNK

Figure 4

Metformin attenuated HG and H/R injury by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokine expression in cardiac cells. H9C2 cells were treated as described in Figure 3. (a)–(c) Expressions of TNF-α, IL-1α, and IL-6 mRNA level were measured by real-time PCR. GAPDH was used as the housekeeping gene. Data are shown as means ± SD of 3 independent experiments. versus control; versus HG + H/R; versus metformin + HG + H/R.

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