An Immunomodulatory Device Improves Insulin Resistance in Obese Porcine Model of Metabolic Syndrome

Figure 6

Systemic neutrophil activation can be evaluated by acute changes in CD11R3 expression and the percent circulating neutrophil population that is resistant to apoptosis in vitro. CD11R3 expression is increased acutely with neutrophil activation. With SCD exposure, CD11R3 expression decreased (a, , ). During the activated state neutrophil apoptosis is delayed. In these MetS animals, prior to SCD treatment, 34% of neutrophils are activated (resistant to apoptosis), while in healthy animals, less than 10% of circulating neutrophils are expected to be resistant to apoptosis. Analysis of apoptosis, before and after treatments, showed SCD Rx to move the neutrophil population to a less activated state, thus shifting toward naïve percentages of neutrophils resistant to apoptosis (b, , ). For CD11R3 expression, only 2 of the 3 SCD Rx courses with three 6-hour treatments each were included in the analysis () due to an unanticipated analytic procedural complication.

(a)

(b)