Lactic Acidosis in Diabetic Population: Is Metformin Implicated? Results of a Matched Case-Control Study Performed on the Type 2 Diabetes Population of Grenoble Hospital University

Table 1

Demographic characteristics and comparative analysis of covariates ().

	Cases ()		Controls ()		value
		(%)		(%)
Demographic characteristics
Age, mean (SD)	69.4 (11.90)	—	69.5 (11.90)	—	0.714
Male	177	(58.6)	354	(58.6)	1
Chronic medical conditions
CKD	95	(31.5)	224	(37.1)	0.094
Mild-moderate	66	(21.9)	184	(30.5)	0.013
Severe-end stage	29	(9.6)	40	(6.3)
Hepatocellular dysfunction	47	(15.6)	39	(6.5)	<0.001
Chronic respiratory failure	84	(27.8)	127	(21.0)	0.023
Heart failure	82	(27.2)	94	(15.6)	<0.001
Mitochondrial dysfunction	2	(0.7)	0	(0)	0.111
Neoplasia	38	(12.6)	81	(13.4)	0.728
Pyridoxine deficit	3	(1.0)	13	(2.2)	0.288
Concomitant therapies
ACE inhibitors	81	(26.8)	186	(30.8)	0.216
ARA	65	(21.5)	155	(25.7)	0.171
Diuretics	150	(49.7)	321	(53.2)	0.323
ARV	1	(0.3)	5	(0.8)	0.670
NSAID	14	(4.6)	12	(2.0)	0.024
Metformin	111	(36.8)	276	(45.7)	0.010
Insulin	129	(42.7)	268	(44.4)	0.636
Iodinated CM	37	(12.3)	17	(2.8)	<0.001
Intercurrent diseases
Shock	149	(49.3)	8	(1.3)	<0.001
Severe anemia	57	(18.9)	19	(3.2)	<0.001
Dehydration	35	(11.6)	17	(2.8)	<0.001
AKI	184	(60.9)	80	(13.3)	<0.001
Acute hepatic failure	64	(21.2)	12	(2.0)	<0.001
Acute respiratory failure	156	(51.7)	41	(6.8)	<0.001
Myocardial infarction	32	(10.6)	16	(2.7)	<0.001
Acute decompensated heart failure	130	(43.1)	45	(7.5)	<0.001
Sepsis	134	(44.4)	49	(8.1)	<0.001
Convulsions	21	(7.0)	8	(1.3)	<0.001
Intense muscle effort	6	(2.0)	0	—	0.001
Acute artery occlusion	30	(9.9)	28	(4.6)	0.002
Death	146	(48.3)	26	(4.3)	<0.001