The Expanded Bead Size of Corneal C-Nerve Fibers Visualized by Corneal Confocal Microscopy Is Associated with Slow Conduction Velocity of the Peripheral Nerves in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Table 1

Clinical characteristics and neurophysiological test of the control subjects, type 2 diabetic patients, and their subgroups stratified by the stages of neuropathy.

	Control subjects	Type 2 diabetic patients
		All type 2 diabetic patients	Stages of neuropathy
			No neuropathy; NDS (0–2)	Mild; NDS (3–5)	Moderate; NDS (6–8)	Severe; NDS (9-10)
Number (M/F) (%)	45 (27/18); (60/40)	162 (106/56); (65.4/34.6)	47 (29/18); (61.7/38.3)	56 (37/19); (66.1/33.9)	46 (31/15); (67.4/32.6)	13 (9/4); (69.2/30.8)
Age (years)
Duration of diabetes (years)
BMI (kg/m^2)
SBP (mmHg)
DBP (mmHg)
Number treated with ARB/ACEI (%)	2 (4.4)	26 (16.0)^†	8 (17.0)	7 (12.5)	10 (21.7)^†	1 (7.7)
HbA1c (NGSP, %)
HbA1c (mmol/mol)
LDL-C (mmol/L)
Number treated with statins (%)	2 (4.4)	31 (19.1)^†	10 (21.3)	11 (19.6)	8 (17.4)	2 (15.4)
HDL-C (mmol/L)
Triglycerides (mmol/L)
ACR (mg/gCr)
eGFR (mL/min)
Mean NDS value	0
Neurophysiological test
MCV of MN (m/sec)
Amplitude of MN (mV)
Distal latency of MN (msec)
SCV of ulnar nerve (m/sec)
Amplitude of ulnar nerve (μV)
SCV of sural nerve (m/sec)
Amplitude of sural nerve (μV)
Vibration PT (μ/120 c/s)
(%)
Warm PT (W/m^2)
Cold PT (W/m^2)

Data are the mean ± standard error of the mean in control subjects, type 2 diabetic patients, and their subgroups stratified by the stages of the neuropathy according to the Neuropathy Disability Score (NDS) [14]. compared with control subjects, compared with control subjects, compared with control subjects, compared with patients without neuropathy, compared with patients with mild neuropathy, compared with patients with moderate neuropathy, compared with patients with moderate neuropathy, compared with patients without neuropathy, compared with patients without neuropathy, and compared with patients with mild neuropathy.
ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ACR, albumin/creatinine ratio; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol; MN, median nerve; PT, perception threshold; SBP, systolic blood pressure.