Changes of Regulatory T Cells and of Proinflammatory and Immunosuppressive Cytokines in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 6

Characteristics of studies about the percentage of CD4⁺CD25⁺Tregs (%) in the CD4⁺ lymphocyte included in this meta-analysis.

Author	Year	Country	Case				Control				NOS score
			SZ	M/F	Mean	SD	SZ	M/F	Mean	SD
Afzal [91]	2014	Pakistan	30	5/25	14.68	6.21	30	21/9	14.53	4.84	8
Afzal [91]	2014	Pakistan	152	51/101	16.47	6.56	30	21/9	14.53	4.84	8
Chi [92]	2011	China	52	30/22	9.39	2.12	40	20/20	10.43	2.07	7
Chi [92]	2011	China	68	39/29	8.99	2.03	40	20/20	10.43	2.07	7
Haseda [70]	2013	Japan	20	8/12	27.7	11.1	30	10/20	24.9	6.5	7
Ling [93]	2006	China	25	12/13	1.3	0.6	27	13/14	1.3	0.4	8
Ling [93]	2006	China	20	13/7	13.76	3.27	21	10/11	12.98	3.14	8
Kukreja [94]	2002	USA	15	2/13	6.3	0.48	26	12/14	6.9	0.4	8
Hong [95]	2011	China	20	10/10	5.35	2.12	25	15/10	4.06	1.39	7
Hong [95]	2011	China	18	10/8	9.8	7.27	25	15/10	4.06	1.39	7
Li [96]	2012	China	20	10/10	6.24	1.96	30	18/12	4.24	1.5	7
Ye-Hai [97]	2011	China	81	NR	6.05	1.2	38	NR	2.01	0.73	7
Li [72]	2014	China	15	NR	9.14	2.21	21	13/8	15.18	3.6	7
Li [72]	2014	China	13	NR	10.69	2.75	21	13/8	15.18	3.6	7
Wu [98]	2015	China	10	NR	2.1	1.5	20	12/8	2.3	2.2	8
Yang [99]	2007	China	30	18/12	9.84	4.78	30	18/12	8.16	3.65	8
Yang [100]	2014	China	43	19/24	2.02	0.43	52	28/24	2.89	0.39	6
Xue-he [101]	2009	China	22	9/13	6.79	1.75	17	8/9	7.84	1.45	7
Zhang [74]	2009	China	17	9/8	8.5	4.16	15	8/7	8.83	3.87	8
Zhang [102]	2010	China	37	24/13	0.5	0.8	38	21/17	0.7	1	7
Zhang [102]	2010	China	40	26/14	4.7	2.3	38	21/17	0.7	1	7
Tao [103]	2011	China	20	NR	3.74	0.89	20	NR	3.78	0.95	8
Zhang [75]	2012	China	16	11/5	5.29	2.6	19	7/12	9.75	2.13	7
Zhang [104]	2013	China	36	19/17	8.8	3.6	20	11/9	12.4	1.5	7
Zhang [104]	2013	China	30	16/14	6.05	1.06	20	11/9	12.4	1.5	7

DM: diabetes mellitus; SZ: sample size; M/F: man/female; SD: standard deviation; NR: not reported. T2DM with different complication.