Calpain-Calcineurin-Nuclear Factor Signaling and the Development of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Valvular Heart Disease and Diabetes

Figure 2

The protein expressions of calpain 2, full-length CnA (60 kD), and truncated CnA (45 kD) in left atriums of patients with AF and SR. In the protein levels, statistical elevation of calpain 2 (% versus %, ), full-length CnA (60 kD) (% versus %, ), and truncated CnA without autoinhibitory domain (45 kD) (% versus %, ) were found in patients with AF in comparison with SR subjects. versus SR. AF indicates atrial fibrillation; CnA indicates catalytic A subunit of calcineurin; SR indicates sinus rhythm.