The Stricter the Better? The Relationship between Targeted HbA_1c Values and Metabolic Control of Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Table 1

Univariate and multivariate linear model results for HbA values regarding HbA guideline groups (6.5% and 7.5%) and the other covariates. NA means not applied.

Variable	Groups	Number of studies; included in analysis	value from; univariate analysis	value from multivariate; analysis with parameter (95% CI)	The effect on; HbA level
HbA targeted levels	6.5 (48 mmol/mol) versus 7.5 (58 mmol/mol)	97	0.028	<0.001; (−0.40, −0.12)	Lower in “6.5% (48 mmol/mol) countries”
Publication type	Article versus abstract	97	0.967	NA	NA
Hypoglycemia	More versus less frequent	30	0.427	NA	NA
Diabetic ketoacidosis	More versus less frequent	26	0.261	NA	NA
Type of therapy	MDI versus CSII	56	0.249	NA	NA
Study design	Five groups	97	0.356	NA	NA
Location	Europe versus USA	82	0.022	NA	Lower in Europe
GDP per capita ($)	Continuous variable	97	0.127	NA	NA
Number of patients in the study	Continuous variable	97	0.985	NA	NA
Mean age in the study (years)	Continuous variable	93	0.016	0.001; (0.12, 0.47)	Positive correlation ()
Mean duration of DM in the study (years)	Continuous variable	85	0.037	0.753; (−0.20, −0.15)	Positive correlation ()