Clinical Study
Vitamin D Deficiency Is Not Associated with Diabetic Retinopathy or Maculopathy
Table 3
Demographic and metabolic parameters in subgroups based on maculopathy.
| | | No Diabetic Maculopathy () | Diabetic Maculopathy () | |
| | Age (years) | 59.5 ± 13.3 | 59.1 ± 11.5 | NS | | Duration of diabetes (years) | 15.9 ± 11.1 | 19.2 ± 9.7 | 0.0003 | | Type 2 DM (%) | 82 | 80 | NS | | Ethnicity (White European/South Asian (%)) | 40/50 | 49/48 | NS | | Sex (male (%)) | 51 | 47 | NS | | Current smokers/past smokers/never smoked (%) | 15/28/57 | 16/27/57 | NS | | BMI | 31.4 ± 8.8 | 31.3 ± 6.2 | NS | | 25(OH)D (ng/mL) | 15.8 ± 9.8 | 16.2 ± 10.0 | NS | | HbA1c (%) | 8.4 ± 1.6 | 9.1 ± 1.5 | <0.0001 | | TC (mmol/L) | 4.1 ± 1.1 | 4.4 ± 1.4 | NS | | HDL (mmol/L) | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 1.4 ± 0.8 | NS | | Trig (mmol/L) | 1.8 ± 1.2 | 1.9 ± 1.6 | NS | | eGFR | 75 ± 18 | 73 ± 20 | NS | | Systolic BP (mmHg) | 130 ± 14 | 134 ± 14 | 0.01 | | Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 71 ± 7 | 70 ± 7 | NS | | ALP (u/L) | 87 ± 53 | 100 ± 129 | NS | | CCa (mmol/L) | 2.3 ± 0.1 | 2.4 ± 0.1 | NS |
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BMI: Body Mass Index, BP: blood pressure, TC: total cholesterol, HDL: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Trig: triglycerides, ALP: alkaline phosphatase, CCa: corrected calcium, and eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate.
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