Vitamin D Deficiency Is Not Associated with Diabetic Retinopathy or Maculopathy

Table 4

Logistic regression analyses for the relationship between maculopathy, 25(OH)D status, and other confounding variables.

	OR	95% CI
25(OH)D	1.00	0.98–1.03	NS
Age (years)	0.99	0.97–1.02	NS
Duration of diabetes (years)	1.03	1.00–1.05	0.01
Never smoked	1.24	0.73–2.12	NS
HbA1c (%)	1.22	1.05–1.43	0.009
TC (mmol/L)	1.05	0.84–1.33	NS
HDL (mmol/L)	1.12	0.73–1.73	NS
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.19	0.77–1.25	NS
Systolic BP (mmHg)	1.01	0.99–1.04	NS
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	1.03	0.98–1.07	NS
eGFR (mL/min/L)	0.99	0.97–1.00	NS

BMI: Body Mass Index, BP: blood pressure, TC: total cholesterol, HDL: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, ALP: alkaline phosphatase, CCa: corrected calcium, and eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate.