The Feasibility of Health Trainer Improved Patient Self-Management in Patients with Low Health Literacy and Poorly Controlled Diabetes: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial

Table 3

Effectiveness of the health trainer arm.

Outcome measure	Usual care		Lay health trainer		Mean difference adjusted for baseline 95% CI	value	Sensitivity analysis: mean difference adjusted for baseline, gender, health literacy, PCP, and time with diabetes 95% CI	value
	Baseline	7 months	Baseline	7 months
	SDSCAM: higher scores reflect better management of diabetes	4.00 (1.44)	3.85 (1.02)	4.00 (1.29)					4.18 (1.42)	0.33 (−0.21, 0.87)	0.224	0.33 (−0.24, 0.91)	0.249
PCS: higher scores reflect better physical function	35.90 (9.35)	35.68 (12.81)	35.42 (11.83)	35.06 (13.49)	−0.27 (−6.13, 5.60)	0.928	0.83 (−5.60, 7.26)	0.796
MCS: higher scores reflect better mental function	48.59 (9.73)	47.23 (11.08)	45.86 (13.57)	51.02 (12.98)	5.46 (0.02, 10.89)	0.049	6.61 (0.54, 12.68)	0.034
SWEMWBS: higher scores reflect better mental well-being	22.14 (4.39)	22.44 (2.86)	23.88 (5.59)	23.19 (5.27)	−0.17 (−2.13, 1.80)	0.865	−0.26 (−2.43, 1.92)	0.814
BIPS: higher scores reflect patients viewing their diabetes as more life threatening	33.46 (11.26)	38.76 (10.87)	39.26 (12.40)	37.93 (13.17)	−5.74 (−11.19, −0.29)	0.040	−5.91 (−11.89, 0.08)	0.053
DQL: higher scores reflect worse quality of life	28.21 (21.21)	39.02 (23.24)	33.70 (23.56)	39.10 (28.55)	−4.24 (−16.34, 7.87)	0.485	−3.13 (−16.58, 10.33)	0.641
DUKS: higher scores reflect patients were offered more health services to help manage their diabetes	7.27 (0.87)	6.96 (1.43)	7.19 (0.74)	7.33 (1.04)	0.40 (−0.27, 1.06)	0.233	0.29 (−0.41, 0.98)	0.414
HbA1c: higher scores reflect worse control of blood sugars	78.38 (13.86)	66.19 (18.60)	77.37 (16.54)	72.88 (14.82)	5.17 (−2.53, 12.88)	0.183	1.42 (−7.18, 10.02)	0.740
EQ5D: higher scores reflect better health	0.67 (0.26)	0.61 (0.27)	0.56 (0.36)	0.68 (0.28)	0.10 (−0.03, 0.24)	0.135	0.13 (−0.02, 0.27)	0.082

Summary Diabetes Self-Care Measure (SDSCAM); Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Score (SWEMWBS); SF-12 Physical and Mental Component Scores (PCS & MCS); Diabetes Quality of Life (BDQL); Brief Illness Perception Score (BIPS); Diabetes UK Score (DUKS); EuroQuol Health questionnaire (EQ-5D).