Association of Urinary Phthalates with Self-Reported Eye Affliction/Retinopathy in Individuals with Diabetes: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001–2010

Table 3

Multivariable association of MOP with self-reported eye affliction/retinopathy through nested logistic regression models, NHANES 2001–2010.

Model	Covariates	OR	95% CI
1	MBP, MEP, MCP, MEHP, MNP, MBzP, MNM, MCPP, MEHHP, MEOHP, and MiBP	2.11	1.18–3.77	0.013
2	Model 1 and age	2.11	1.17–3.81	0.014
3	Model 2 and sex	2.13	1.19–3.81	0.012
4	Model 3 and Hispanic/Mexican race	2.13	1.18–3.82	0.012
5	Model 4 and marital status	2.13	1.19–3.79	0.011
6	Model 5 and educational attainment	2.09	1.18–3.68	0.012
7	Model 6 and poverty income ratio	2.09	1.18–3.68	0.012
8	Model 7 and physical activity	2.11	1.20–3.71	0.010
9	Model 8 and HbA1c strata	2.02	1.16–3.49	0.013
10	Model 9 and total serum cholesterol strata	2.00	1.19–3.37	0.010
11	Model 10 and HDL cholesterol strata	2.01	1.21–3.32	0.007
12	Model 11 and serum triglycerides strata	2.01	1.21–3.33	0.007
13	Model 12 and hypertension	2.01	1.22–3.32	0.007
14	Model 13 and duration of diabetes	2.03	1.22–3.39	0.007
15	Model 14 and quartiles of total calorie intake per day	2.03	1.22–3.38	0.007
16	Model 15 and obesity	2.02	1.22–3.35	0.007

All models account for the survey design variables using svy command in Stata and use inverse-normalized concentrations of phthalate metabolites; covariate definitions are provided in Table 1.