Research Article
Glucose Tolerance, MTHFR C677T and NOS3 G894T Polymorphisms, and Global DNA Methylation in Mixed Ancestry African Individuals
Table 1
Characteristics according to glucose tolerance status.
| | Characteristic | Normotolerant | Prediabetes | Screen-detected diabetes | Known diabetes | value |
| | (%) | 283 (50.5) | 119 (21.2) | 97 (17.3) | 61 (10.9) | | | Median actual% 5mc | 2.83 (0.71–4.62) | 3.41 (1.55–5.45) | 4.62 (1.71–6.77) | 3.07 (0.80–4.45) | 0.0001 | | Women, (%) | 215 (76.0) | 98 (82.3) | 81 (83.5) | 40 (65.6) | 0.030 | | Current smoking, (%) | 121 (42.8) | 44 (37.0) | 35 (36.1) | 20 (32.8) | 0.363 | | Current drinking, (%) | 80 (28.3) | 33 (27.7) | 25 (25.8) | 12 (19.7) | 0.573 | | Age (years) | 49.7 (13.5) | 54.0 (12.0) | 58.0 (13.3) | 58.3 (11.4) | <0.0001 | | Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.7 (7.2) | 31.2 (7.1) | 32.5 (7.3) | 30.5 (6.6) | <0.0001 | | Waist circumference (cm) | 93 (14) | 99 (15) | 102 (16) | 101 (14) | <0.0001 | | Hip circumference (cm) | 108 (15) | 112 (14) | 114 (15) | 109 (15) | 0.007 | | Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.86 (0.07) | 0.89 (0.09) | 0.89 (0.08) | 0.92 (0.08) | <0.0001 | | Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 119 (18) | 122 (15) | 129 (21) | 128 (18) | <0.0001 | | Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 74 (11) | 74 (10) | 76 (12) | 75 (12) | 0.323 | | Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) | 5.0 (0.7) | 5.7 (0.5) | 8.5 (3.4) | 11.1 (4.2) | <0.0001 | | 2-hour glucose (mmol/L) | 5.9 (1.0) | 8.6 (1.1) | 13.9 (5.7) | NA | <0.0001 | | HbA1c (%) | 5.7 (0.4) | 5.8 (0.4) | 7.1 (1.8) | 8.3 (1.8) | <0.0001 | | Fasting insulin (μU/mL) | 6.2 (3.0–10.6) | 7.2 (1.9–12.7) | 9.3 (3.7–16.1) | 8.0 (2.8–12.8) | 0.013 | | 2-hour insulin (μU/mL) | 33.9 (17.1–54.4) | 58.2 (26.1–97.9) | 56.6 (21.2–108.6) | NA | <0.0001 | | C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 2.8 (0.7–7.1) | 6.6 (1.8–12.6) | 6.4 (2.1–11.8) | 4.0 (1.3–7.6) | <0.0001 | | Cotinine (ng/mL) | 10.0 (9.0–307.5) | 10.0 (9.0–270.2) | 10.0 (9.0–213.0) | 10.0 (9.0–125.2) | 0.514 | | Gamma-glutamyltransferase (IU/L) | 25.0 (17.0–36.5) | 29.0 (22.0–41.0) | 33.0 (24.0–54.0) | 29.5 (20.0–45.7) | <0.0001 | | Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | 1.6 (1.2–2.1) | 1.6 (1.2–2.2) | <0.0001 | | HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.3 (0.3) | 1.3 (0.3) | 1.3 (0.3) | 1.1 (0.3) | 0.007 | | LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.6 (1.0) | 3.6 (1.0) | 4.0 (1.1) | 3.3 (1.1) | 0.0001 | | Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.5 (1.2) | 5.6 (1.1) | 6.1 (1.3) | 5.3 (1.1) | <0.0001 |
|
|
Values are count (percentages), mean (standard deviation), or median (25th–75th percentiles).
|
