Delay in the Detrended Fluctuation Analysis Crossover Point as a Risk Factor for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Table 1

Patients' characteristics.

History and physical exam
Age (years) (median, IQR)	61 (13)
Gender (F/M)	101/105
Smoking habit (%)	23 (11%)
Relatives with T2DM (%)	55 (28%)
Systolic BP (mmHg) (median, IQR)	133.5 (19.25)
Diastolic BP (mmHg) (mean, SD)	78.2 (9.0)
BMI (Kg/m^2) (median, IQR)	30 (6)
Abdominal perimeter (cm) (mean, SD)
Men	104.5 (10.1)
Women	99.2 (12.1)
Complementary tests
Basal glycaemia (mmol/L) (mean, SD)	5.56 (0.62)
HbA1c (%) (median, IQR)	5.76 (0.3)
IFG (%)	105 (51%)
HbA1c ≥ 38.3 mmol/mol (%)	129 (66%)
HDL-cholesterol (median, IQR)
Men	1.35 (0.35)
Women	1.50 (0.32)
Triglycerides (mmol/L) (median, IQR)	0.125 (0.71)
EPI-GFR (mL/min/1.73 m^2) (mean, SD)	93.0 (9.5)
Insulin (mlU/L) (median, IQR)	11.7 (9.5)
HOMA-index (median, IQR)	3.06 (2.27)
Albuminuria (mg/gr creatinine) (median, IQR)	2.78 (6.15)
Number of ATP-III MS defining criteria (median, IQR)	2 (1)
Number of patients complying with the ATP-III MS definition (≥3 criteria)	100 (49%)
Glucometry
Median glucose of the time series (median, IRQ)	5.44 (0.89)
Median SD of the time series (median, IRQ)	0.81 (0.41)
CV (%) glucose time series (median, IQR)	14.2 (6.7)
MAGE (mg/dL) (median, IQR)	36.5 (22.9)
DFA (whole time series) (mean, SD)	0.90 (0.09)
Crossover
Time to crossover (min) (mean, IQR)	114.0 (64.7)
Crossover angle (rad) (mean, IQR)	0.64 (0.17)
DFA first limb (mean, IQR)	1.53 (0.23)
DFA second limb (mean, IQR)	0.36 (0.24)

T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; BP: blood pressure; BMI: body mass index; IFG: impaired fasting glucose (basal glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL); EPI-GFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate (EPI-creatinine equation); HOMA: homeostasis model assessment; MS: metabolic syndrome; CV: coefficient variation; MAGE: mean average glucose excursions; DFA: Detrended Fluctuation Analysis.
Mean and standard deviation for normally distributed variables and median and interquartile range for nonnormally distributed variables.