Parental Diabetes Behaviors and Distress Are Related to Glycemic Control in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes: Longitudinal Data from the DINO Study

Table 2

Relations between parental well-being, HbA1c, youth’s problem behavior, diabetes parenting behavior, and parental diabetes stress.

	β	95% LCI	95% UCI	value
WHO-5—HbA1c	−0.052	−0.275	0.172	0.650
WHO-5—DFBC supportive	−0.045	−0.134	0.044	0.325
WHO-5—DFBC unsupportive	−0.174	−0.268	−0.081	0.000
WHO-5—PAID-Pr	−0.666	−0.858	−0.474	0.000
WHO-5—SDQ	−0.219	−0.312	−0.125	0.000
DFBC unsupportive—HbA1c	0.383	0.069	0.697	0.017
PAID-Pr—HbA1c	0.276	0.117	0.436	0.001
DFBC supportive—HbA1c	−0.259	−0.455	−0.063	0.010
DFBC supportive—SDQ	−0.013	−0.123	0.097	0.821
DFBC unsupportive—SDQ	0.298	0.165	0.431	0.000
PAID-Pr—SDQ	0.173	0.104	0.242	0.000
SDQ—HbA1c	0.424	0.191	0.658	0.000

HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; WHO-5: WHO-Five Well-Being Index; DFBC: Diabetes Family Behavior Checklist; PAID-Pr: Problem Areas In Diabetes-Parent Revised version; SDQ: Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; Statistically significant at the level; statistically significant at the level.