Investigating Factors Associated with Depressive Symptoms of Chronic Kidney Diseases in China with Type 2 Diabetes

Table 1

(a) Comparison of demographic factors of T2DM-related CKD patients by depressive symptoms status. (b) Comparison of clinical factors of T2DM-related CKD patients by depressive symptoms status.

(a)

Variables	Overall sample	⁢Depression status		/	value
		HAD-D score < 11	HAD-D score ≥ 11
Total, (%)	210	165 (78.6)	45 (21.4)
Gender, (%)				7.507	0.006
Male	108 (51.4)	93 (86.1)	15 (13.9)
Female	102 (45.1)	72 (70.6)	30 (29.4)
Age (year), mean (SD)	57.66 (11.68)	57.39 (11.57)	58.62 (12.14)	−0.624	0.533
Employment status, (%)				1.118	0.290
Working	102 (48.6)	77 (75.5)	25 (24.5)
Not working	108 (51.4)	88 (81.5)	20 (18.5)
Education, (%)				3.791	0.150
Primary or below (0–6 years)	65 (31.0)	46 (76.7)	19 (29.2)
Secondary (7–13 years)	122 (58.1)	99 (79.2)	23 (18.9)
Tertiary (>13 years)	23 (11.0)	20 (80.0)	3 (13.0)
Marital status (married), (%)	189 (90.0)	152 (80.4)	37 (19.6)	2.828	0.093
Yearly income (RMB), (%)				8.229	0.016
<15000	42 (20.0)	28 (66.7)	14 (33.3)
15000~33000	75 (35.7)	56 (74.7)	19 (25.3)
>33000	93 (44.3)	81 (87.1)	12 (12.9)
Insurance, (%)				2.452	0.117
Rural medicare cooperative	64 (30.5)	46 (71.9)	18 (28.1)
Medical insurance	146 (69.5)	119 (81.5)	27 (18.5)

Bold values indicate significant results ().
Independent -tests.

(b)

Variables	Overall sample	⁢Depression Status		/	value
		HAD-D score < 11	HAD-D score ≥ 11
clinic visit frequency (times/year), median (IQR)	0.5 (1.0)	0.0 (1.0)	1.00 (2.0)	−2.356	0.018
blood glucose testing (times/month), median (IQR)	1.0 (4.0)	1.0 (4.0)	2.0 (3.0)	−2.336	0.019
Duration of diabetes (years), median (IQR)	7.0 (12.0)	6.0 (12.92)	8.0 (10.5)	−2.111	0.035
Insulin use (yes), (%)	116 (55.2)	94 (81.0)	22 (19.0)	0.934	0.334
Hypertension (yes), (%)	115 (54.8)	83 (72.2)	32 (27.8)	6.180	0.013
HbA1c				0.010	0.921
≤9	78 (37.1)	61 (78.2)	17 (21.8)
>9	132 (62.9)	104 (78.8)	28 (21.2)
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m^2), (%)				15.420	<0.001
≥90	75 (35.7)	68 (90.7)	7 (9.3)
60–89	105 (50.0)	80 (76.2)	25 (23.8)
<60	30 (14.3)	17 (56.7)	13 (43.3)
Albuminuria (mg/L), (%)				17.485	<0.001
Normal Albuminuria (<20)	109 (51.9)	96 (88.1)	13 (11.9)
Microalbuminuria (20~200)	59 (28.1)	45 (76.3)	14 (23.7)
Macroalbuminuria (>200)	42 (20.0)	24 (57.1)	18 (42.9)
Severity of DKD, (%)				23.283	<0.001
Stage I	74 (35.2)	68 (91.9)	6 (8.1)
Stage II	41 (19.5)	31 (75.6)	10 (24.4)
Stage III	55 (26.2)	44 (80.0)	11 (20.0)
Stage IV	24 (11.4)	15 (62.5)	9 (37.5)
Stage V	16 (7.6)	7 (43.8)	9 (56.3)

Bold values indicate significant results ().
Mann-Whitney test.