Excessive Autophagy Activation and Increased Apoptosis Are Associated with Palmitic Acid-Induced Cardiomyocyte Insulin Resistance

Figure 1

Insulin resistance in H9c2 cells was induced by 500 μM PA treatment for 24 h. (a) H9c2 were treated with solvent (control), 100 nM RAP (RAP), 500 μM PA (PA), 500 μM PA+ 100 nM RAP (PA + RAP), and cultured for 12 h and 24 h. Cells were incubated by adding 100 nM insulin for the last 30 minutes. Glucose consumptions were measured. H9c2 cells were treated with drugs for 24 h and 100 nM insulin was then added for the last 10 minutes. (b) Western blot analysis of IR-β and IRS2 compared with GAPDH. (c, d) Quantification of the results from (b) (). compared with the controls of the same time period. ^# compared with RAP groups of the same time period.

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