Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome and Ocular Microcirculation Shown by Laser Speckle Flowgraphy in a Hospital Setting Devoted to Sleep Apnea Syndrome Diagnostics
Table 1
Comparison of clinical variables between in patients with and without metabolic syndrome.
MetS (+)
MetS (−)
Age (yrs)
61.6 ± 11.0
62.3 ± 11.6
0.79†
Men : women
28 : 4
27 : 17
0.02‡
BMI (kg/m2)
27.0 ± 3.6
24.1 ± 3.8
0.001†
SBP (mmHg)
133.0 ± 18.4
128.1 ± 17.1
0.24†
DBP (mmHg)
75.5 ± 11.0
70.5 ± 11.1
0.06†
Spherical refraction (D)
−0.93 ± 2.71
−0.25 ± 2.33
0.25†
IOP (right: mmHg)
12.9 ± 2.9
12.4 ± 3.2
0.45†
OPP (mmHg)
50.2 ± 8.4
47.4 ± 8.2
0.16†
Heart rate (bpm)
69.8 ± 9.7
66.3 ± 9.2
0.12†
Mean IMT (mm)
1.18 ± 1.44
0.88 ± 0.21
0.18†
e’ velocity (cm/s)
6.1 ± 1.5
6.6 ± 2.1
0.20†
E/e’ ratio
13.0 ± 4.7
11.0 ± 2.9
0.03†
Hypertension (%)
26 (81.3)
18 (40.9)
0.001‡
Diabetes (%)
16 (50.0)
4 (9.1)
0.0001‡
FBS (mg/dl)
120.8 ± 29.8
94.9 ± 11.2
<0.0001†
Total cholesterol (mg/dl)
191.5 ± 27.1
198.5 ± 29.6
0.30†
Triglyceride (mg/dl)
163.3 ± 69.5
123.7 ± 51.4
0.006†
HDL-C (mg/dl)
49.8 ± 19.9
57.0 ± 14.2
0.07†
LDL-C (mg/dl)
114.2 ± 25.2
115.8 ± 24.6
0.78†
HOMA-IR
2.8 ± 2.6
1.5 ± 0.9
0.002†
Hematocrit (%)
42.3 ± 4.3
40.8 ± 3.9
0.13†
Creatinine (mg/dl)
0.84 ± 0.14
0.83 ± 0.17
0.81†
Mean ± standard deviation; †unpaired t-test; ‡Yates 2 × 2 chi-squared test. MetS: metabolic syndrome; BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; D: diopter; IOP: intraocular pressure; OPP: ocular perfusion pressure; IMT: intima-media thickness; FBS: fasting blood sugar; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.
