Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus following Gestational Diabetes Pregnancy in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Table 1
Baseline characteristics in pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) status.
988 PCOS women by GDM status
Adjusted odds of GDM
No GDM
GDM
value
Adjusted odds ratio
95% confidence interval
Age in years (mean ± standard deviation)
31.1 ± 4.5
32.9 ± 4.0
<0.01
1.11
1.06–1.15
Race/ethnicity
White
43.5%
30.7%
<0.01
Referent
Black
4.0%
3.1%
0.95
0.36–2.49
Hispanic
26.1%
25.5%
1.42
0.91–2.21
Asian
22.5%
38.0%
3.52
2.26–5.47
Other
3.9%
2.6%
0.89
0.31–2.51
Prepregnancy BMI
Normal
<25.0 kg/m2
30.7%
19.3%
<0.01
Referent
Overweight
25–29.9 kg/m2
30.0%
25.5%
1.42
0.86–2.33
Moderately obese
30–39.9 kg/m2
30.2%
39.1%
2.65
1.63–4.32
Severely obese
≥40.0 kg/m2
9.2%
16.2%
4.04
2.16–7.57
Family history of diabetes
54.7%
64.6%
0.01
1.52
1.07–2.17
Preconception metformin†
21.6%
35.9%
<0.01
1.65
1.14–2.39
Treatment with fertility drugs or IVF‡
56.7%
66.7%
0.01
1.19
0.82–1.73
Multiple gestation pregnancy
9.7%
16.7%
<0.01
1.88
1.14–3.10
Covariates in the adjusted logistic regression model. †Administered within 3 months of conception to assist in achieving ovulatory cycles. ‡In vitro fertilization.
