Glycopatterns of Urinary Protein as New Potential Diagnosis Indicators for Diabetic Nephropathy

Table 2

Fold change of the urinary glycopatterns based upon ratio of the NFIs of each lectin between HVs, T2DM, and DN groups.

Lectin name	Specificity		Fold
		T2DM/HVs	DN group I/HVs	DN group I/T2DM	DN group II/HVs	DN group II/T2DM	DN group II/DN group I
MAL-II	Siaα2-3Galβ1-4Glc(NAc)/Glc	—			—	—
PTL-I	GalNAc, GalNAcα-1,3Gal, GalNAcα-1,3Galβ-1,3/4Glc	—			—	—
SJA	Terminal in GalNAc and Gal, anti-A and anti-B human blood group	—			—	—
AAL	α-Fuc, Fucα1-6 GlcNAc (core fucose)					—
LEL	LacNAc and poly LacNAc, (GlcNAc)n			—		—	—
DBA	αGalNAc, Tn antigen, GalNAcα1-3((Fucα1-2))Gal (blood group A antigen)	—			—	—
RCA120	β-Gal, Galβ-1,4GlcNAc (type II), Galβ1-3GlcNAc (type I)	0.799	1.05	1.31	1.17	1.46	1.12
STL	, core (GlcNAc) of N-glycan	1					—
BS-I	α-Gal/GalNAc, Galα-1,3Gal		0.97			0.89
ConA	High-Mannose, Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Man, terminal GlcNAc	—	—	—
PTL-II	Gal, blood group H, T-antigen	—			—	—
DSA	(β-1,4)-linked GlcNAc						1
SBA	α- or β-linked terminal GalNAc, (GalNAc)n, GalNAcα1-3Gal, blood-group A		1.16
PSA	Fucα-1,6GlcNAc, α-D-Man, α-D-Glc	1.31	1.52	1.16
ACA	Galβ1-3GalNAcα-Ser/Thr (T antigen), sialyl-T(ST)			—		—	—
WGA	Multivalent Sia and (GlcNAc)n			—		—	—
PWM	(GlcNAc)n, branched (LacNAc)n	0.59	1.04	1.76		0.92
GNA	Manα1-3Man	1.46			1.17	0.80
PHA-E + L	Bisecting GlcNAc, biantennary N-glycans, tri- and tetraantennary complex-type N-glycan	—			—	—
SNA	Sia2-6Gal/GalNAc	1.37

changes of lectins bound to DN compared to healthy control and diabetic calculated with mean value of normalized florescence intensities of lectins obtained from 3 biological reduplicates. —, no significant difference; , the denominator of the fold-change was infinite; 0, the numerator of the fold-change was zero. versus ; versus ; versus ; value was calculated by Student’s -test.