The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index Independently Predicts Mortality in Diabetic Foot Ulcers Patients Undergoing Amputations
Table 1
Baseline patient characteristics.
Overall
High GNRI (≥92)
Low GNRI (<92)
value
Case (%)
271
133
138
Age, years
66.9 ± 11.1
67.4 ± 11.4
66.4 ± 10.8
0.444
Male (%)
162 (59.8)
83 (62.4)
79 (57.2)
0.387
BMI, kg/m2
23.0 ± 3.1
24.4 ± 2.9
21.7 ± 2.6
<0.001
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg
243.6 ± 23.0
147.5 ± 23.7
139.8 ± 21.8
0.006
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg
75.0 ± 11.9
76.0 ± 11.7
74.0 ± 12.0
0.155
Duration of diabetes, years
10.0 (4.0–15.0)
10 (4.0–15.0)
10.0 (5–15.3)
0.197
Duration of diabetic foot ulcers, months
1.0 (0.67–3)
2 (0.8–4)
1 (0.5–3.0)
0.031
Wagner classification
0.073
2
14 (4.2)
7 (5.1)
7 (5.3)
3
91 (33.6)
52 (39.1)
39 (28.3)
4
162 (33.6)
74 (55.6)
88 (63.8)
5
4 (1.5)
0 (0)
4 (2.9)
Comorbidity (%)
Hypertension
165 (60.9)
88 (66.2)
77 (55.8)
0.080
Cerebral vascular disease
38 (14.0)
17 (12.8)
21 (15.2)
0.564
Coronary artery disease
26 (9.6)
17 (12.8)
9 (6.5)
0.080
Peripheral arterial disease
254 (93.7)
127 (95.5)
127 (92)
0.240
History (%)
Smoking (current or ever)
94 (34.7)
55 (41.4)
39 (28.6)
0.024
Drinking (current or ever)
79 (29.2)
42 (31.6)
37 (26.8)
0.388
lower limb revascularization
52 (19.2)
30 (22.6)
22 (15.9)
0.167
Laboratory date
Hemoglobin, g/L
108.5 ± 18.6
113.5 ± 18.2
103.7 ± 17.8
<0.001
White blood cell, 109/L
8.9 (6.9–11.7)
8.23 (6.0–10.4)
10.0 (7.8–13.01)
<0.001
Lymphocyte, 109/L
1.5 ± 0.7
1.6 ± 0.7
1.5 ± 0.6
0.530
Blood platelet 109/L
276.6 ± 101.4
248 ± 85.0
303 ± 108.6
<0.001
Albumin, g/L
33.25 ± 5.5
36.9 ± 3.9
29.7 ± 4.4
<0.001
Cholesterol, mmol/L
4.2 ± 1.2
4.4 ± 1.1
4.0 ± 1.2
0.004
Triglycerides, mmol/L
1.24 (0.91–1.24)
1.3 (0.9–1.9)
1.2 (0.9–1.6)
0.273
HDL-C, mmol/L
0.9 ± 0.3
1.0 ± 0.3
0.8 ± 0.3
<0.001
LDL-C, mmol/L
2.4 (1.8–3.0)
2.3 (1.8–2.9)
2.5 (1.9–3.10)
0.025
Creatinine, μmol/L
69 (56–92)
71 (57–92.5)
67.0 (54.0–91.5)
0.353
Blood urea nitrogen, mmol/L
5.8 (4.3–7.4)
5.8 (4.6–6.9)
5.8 (4.2–7.8)
0.941
Uric acid, μmol/L
273.9 ± 103.9
281.6 ± 89.1
266.44 ± 116.2
0.230
Fibrinogen, g/L
6.0 ± 1.9
5.6 ± 1.82
6.4 ± 1.88
<0.001
Fasting glucose, mmol/L
8.5 (6.1–12.4)
7.9 (5.95–11.1)
8.9 (6.4–13.05)
0.063
eGFR
87 (62.4–100.3)
85.5 (62.0–99.4)
89.8 (65.4–102.5)
0.436
Albuminuria
151 (55.9)
71 (53.4)
80 (58.4)
0.407
Major amputation (%)
41 (15.1)
14 (10.5)
27 (19.6)
0.038
Data are presented as either means ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range) for continuous variables or number (%) for categorical variables. GNRI, geriatric nutritional risk index; BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
