Research Article

The Preferential Impairment of Pupil Constriction Stimulated by Blue Light in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes without Autonomic Neuropathy

Table 4

Comparison of the parameters of pupillary light reflex between control subjects, type 2 diabetic patients, or their subgroups stratified by the severity of neuropathy.

Baseline pupil
size (mm)
Latency period
(msec)
Time for minimal pupil
size (msec)
Pupil diameterconstriction
(mm)
Pupil constrictionvelocity (µ/msec)PIPR (pixels)
0–1.7 sec ≥ 1.7–3.0 sec

Control subjects
 470 nm5.70–5.92247–2601096–11442.25–2.472.01–2.186862–77792739–3407
 635 nm5.63–5.90285–297848–9711.43–1.721.62–1.853942–50091337–1920
Total type 2 diabetic patients
 470 nm5.14–5.36267–2761049–11001.83–2.041.69–1.855620–63012047–2525
 635 nm5.17–5.46301–313806–8891.27–1.461.53–1.703474–41781245–1614
Subgroups of neuropathy severity
Stage I
 470 nm5.29–5.63263–2801048–11321.81–2.221.66–1.975360–66931958–2913
 635 nm5.18–5.73300–324754–9221.15–1.511.44–1.733022–42891023–1694
Stage II
 470 nm5.02–5.37262–2791028–11081.67–2.011.56–1.835375–62901699–2452
 635 nm5.04–5.51295–312811–9301.26–1.541.49–1.743483–45361176–1695
Stage III
 470 nm4.88–5.35265–2791013–11201.77–2.161.67–1.945333–67491948–2811
 635 nm4.94–5.52295–316748–9111.17–1.541.45–1.823058–45081096–1880

Data are the 95% confidence intervals (CI) in control subjects, total type 2 diabetic patients, and their subgroups stratified by the stages of the neuropathy according to the criteria of the Diabetic Neuropathy Study Group in Japan [14]. compared with 635 nm light, compared with control subjects, compared with 635 nm light, compared with control subjects, compared with control subjects, and compared with 635 nm. PIPR: postillumination pupillary response.