The Preferential Impairment of Pupil Constriction Stimulated by Blue Light in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes without Autonomic Neuropathy
Table 4
Comparison of the parameters of pupillary light reflex between control subjects, type 2 diabetic patients, or their subgroups stratified by the severity of neuropathy.
Baseline pupil size (mm)
Latency period (msec)
Time for minimal pupil size (msec)
Pupil diameterconstriction (mm)
Pupil constrictionvelocity (µ/msec)
PIPR (pixels) 0–1.7 sec ≥ 1.7–3.0 sec
Control subjects
470 nm
5.70–5.92
247–260
1096–1144
2.25–2.47
2.01–2.18
6862–7779
2739–3407
635 nm
5.63–5.90
285–297
848–971
1.43–1.72
1.62–1.85
3942–5009
1337–1920
Total type 2 diabetic patients
470 nm
5.14–5.36
267–276
1049–1100
1.83–2.04
1.69–1.85
5620–6301
2047–2525
635 nm
5.17–5.46
301–313
806–889
1.27–1.46
1.53–1.70
3474–4178
1245–1614
Subgroups of neuropathy severity
Stage I
470 nm
5.29–5.63
263–280
1048–1132
1.81–2.22
1.66–1.97
5360–6693
1958–2913
635 nm
5.18–5.73
300–324
754–922
1.15–1.51
1.44–1.73
3022–4289
1023–1694
Stage II
470 nm
5.02–5.37
262–279
1028–1108
1.67–2.01
1.56–1.83
5375–6290
1699–2452
635 nm
5.04–5.51
295–312
811–930
1.26–1.54
1.49–1.74
3483–4536
1176–1695
Stage III
470 nm
4.88–5.35
265–279
1013–1120
1.77–2.16
1.67–1.94
5333–6749
1948–2811
635 nm
4.94–5.52
295–316
748–911
1.17–1.54
1.45–1.82
3058–4508
1096–1880
Data are the 95% confidence intervals (CI) in control subjects, total type 2 diabetic patients, and their subgroups stratified by the stages of the neuropathy according to the criteria of the Diabetic Neuropathy Study Group in Japan [14]. compared with 635 nm light, compared with control subjects, compared with 635 nm light, compared with control subjects, compared with control subjects, and compared with 635 nm. PIPR: postillumination pupillary response.