Review Article

MicroRNAs-Mediated Regulation of Skeletal Muscle GLUT4 Expression and Translocation in Insulin Resistance

Table 1

Insulin resistance-induced regulation of miRNAs related to proteins of the GLUT4 translocation machinery in skeletal muscle.

ConditionmiRNA
expression
Proposed and its regulationReference

let-7f-5pT2DM human and mouseINSR, IRS2Zhu et al. [100]
miR-10b-5pGK ratHerrera et al. [97]
miR-15b-5pT2DM humanINSR, IRS1,
PIK3R1
Bork-Jensen et al. [101]
miR-16-5pObese rat and mouseMTOR, RPS6KB1Lee et al. [108]
miR-23aLoss of weight in obese dogRAC1, AKT2Uribe et al. [106]
miR-24-3pGK ratMAPK14Huang et al. [99]
miR-29a/b/c-3pGK rat, IR-obese mouseAKT2, IRS1He et al. [107];
Yang et al., [103]
miR-107Loss of weight in obese dogRAC1, AKT2Uribe et al. [106]
miR-133a-3pT2DM humanGallagher et al. [98]
miR-135a-5pT2DM mouse, IR-C2C12 cellINSR, IRS2Agarwal et al. [104];
Honardoost et al. [102]
miR-144-3pT2DM ratIRS1Karolina et al. [105]
miR-206T2DM humanGallagher et al. [98]

nomenclature of miRNAs is in accordance with the “miRBase Sequence Database-Release 21.” names are based on HGNC (HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee), and despite some date being related to mouse/rat gene, description was related to human gene (capital letters). IR, insulin resistance/resistant; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; GK, Goto-Kakizaki; INSR, insulin receptor; IRS1, insulin receptor substrate 1; IRS2, insulin receptor substrate 2; MAPK14, mitogen-activated protein kinase 14; AKT2, AKT serine/threonine kinase 2; PI3KR1, phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1; MTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin; RPS6KB1, ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1; RAC1, ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac1).