| | | Conventional | Intensive | All |
| | N | 972 (50) | 973 (50) | 1945 | | Sex | | | | | Male | 450 (46) | 374 (38) | 824 (42) | | Age (years) | | | | | mean ± SD | 52 ± 10 | 53 ± 10 | 53 ± 10 | | Occupation | | | | | Professional/business | 447 (47) | 427 (45) | 874 (46) | | Workers | 59 (6) | 53 (6) | 112 (6) | | Retired | 362 (38) | 396 (42) | 758 (40) | | Jobless/other | 83 (9) | 76 (8) | 159 (8) | | Ethnicity | | | | | Han | 934 (97) | 927 (96) | 1861 (96) | | Others | 31 (3) | 41 (4) | 72 (4) | | Education level | | | | | Low | 46 (5) | 42 (4) | 88 (5) | | Middle | 468 (49) | 449 (47) | 917 (48) | | High | 436 (46) | 468 (49) | 904 (47) | | Smoking state | | | | | Current smoker or past smoker | 234 (24) | 202 (21) | 436 (23) | | Body shape | | | | | BMI (kg/m2) | 26 (24, 28) | 26 (24, 28) | 26 (24, 28) | | Normal: BMI < 25 | 385 (40) | 360 (37) | 745 (38) | | Overweight: 25 ≤ BMI < 30 | 464 (48) | 495 (51) | 959 (49) | | Obese: BMI ≥ 30 | 123 (13) | 118 (12) | 241 (12) | | Waist (cm) | 89 (83, 96) | 88 (82, 95) | 89 (82, 95) | | Blood pressure | | | | | Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 120 (111, 130) | 120 (110, 130) | 120 (110, 130) | | Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 79 (70, 81) | 77 (70, 80) | 78 (70, 80) | | Glucose level | | | | | Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 6.0 (5.5, 6.4) | 6.0 (5.5, 6.4) | 6.0 (5.5, 6.4) | | 2h plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 8.8 (8.1, 9.8) | 8.9 (8.1, 9.9) | 8.9 (8.1, 9.9) | | HbA1c (%) | 5.8 (5.6, 6.0) | 5.8 (5.5, 6.1) | 5.8 (5.6, 6.1) | | HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 40 (38, 42) | 40 (37, 43) | 40 (38, 43) | | HbA1c < 5.7% (39 mmol/mol) | 331 (34) | 327 (34) | 658 (34) | | 5.7% (39 mmol/mol) ≤ HbA1c < 6.5% (48 mmol/mol) | 572 (59) | 572 (59) | 1144 (59) | | HbA1c ≥ 6.5% (48 mmol/mol) | 69 (7) | 74 (8) | 143 (7) | | IGT | 821 (85) | 833 (86) | 1654 (85) | | Isolated IGT | 532 (55) | 525 (54) | 1057 (54) | | IFG + IGT | 289 (30) | 308 (32) | 597 (31) | | Isolated IFG | 151 (16) | 140 (14) | 291 (15) | | Lipid level | | | | | Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.9 (4.3, 5.5) | 4.9 (4.3, 5.4) | 4.9 (4.3, 5.5) | | LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.2 (2.7, 3.7) | 3.1 (2.6, 3.7) | 3.2 (2.6, 3.7) | | HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.2 (1.0, 1.4) | 1.2 (1.0, 1.4) | 1.2 (1.0, 1.4) | | Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.5 (1.1, 2.1) | 1.5 (1.1, 2.0) | 1.5 (1.1, 2.1) | | Liver function | | | | | ALT (U/L) | 21 (16, 31) | 21 (15, 29) | 21 (16, 30) | | AST (U/L) | 22 (18, 26) | 21 (17, 26) | 21 (18, 26) | | Hemoglobin | | | | | Hemoglobin (g/L) | 143 (134, 153) | 141 (132, 152) | 142 (133, 153) | | HOMA | | | | | HOMA-IR | 2.4 (1.6, 3.5) | 2.4 (1.6, 3.6) | 2.4 (1.6, 3.5) | | HOMA-beta | 77. 5 (50.8, 113.1) | 79.9 (52.3, 116.7) | 78.5 (51.8, 114.7) | | Cytokines | | | | | CRP (μmol/L) | 1.2 (0.7, 2.3) | 1.2 (0.7, 2.4) | 1.2 (0.7, 2.4) | | Adiponectin | 6.2 (4.2, 8.8) | 6.2 (4.3, 9.0) | 6.2 (4.3, 8.9) | | SOD | 6.8 (4.1, 10.3) | 6.9 (4.3, 10.5) | 6.9 (4.2, 10.4) | | Amylin | 7.7 (6.5, 9.5) | 7.5 (6.4, 9.3) | 7.6 (6.4, 9.4) | | IL-6 | 2.3 (1.5, 4.2) | 2.3 (1.5, 3.8) | 2.3 (1.5, 4.0) | | Urine ACR | | | | | Urine albumin/Cr (mg/g) | 7.4 (4.5, 15.2) | 7.4 (4.4, 14.3) | 7.4 (4.5, 14.7) | | Diet | | | | | Daily calories intake (kcal/d) | 1521 (1242, 1874) | 1554 (1248, 1920) | 1535 (1243, 1899) | | Proportion of total calories intake from carbohydrate (%) | 60 (51, 69) | 59 (50, 67) | 60 (50, 68) | | Proportion of total calories intake from protein (%) | 14 (12, 16) | 14 (12, 17) | 14 (12, 17) | | Proportion of total calories intake from fat (%) | 23 (17, 30) | 24 (18, 31) | 24 (17, 30) | | Physical activity | | | | | Low level | 232 (25) | 224 (24) | 456 (24) | | Medium level | 483 (52) | 501 (53) | 984 (53) | | High level | 223 (24) | 213 (23) | 436 (23) |
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