|
| # | Study | Organisation of exercise and dietary intervention and who it is delivered by | Duration of intervention | Organisation of control and who it is delivered by | Duration of control | Duration of participant follow-up |
|
| (1) | Knowler et al. [17] | 16 lessons for the first 24 weeks of enrolment.
One-to-one basis covering diet, exercise, and behavioural modifications.
Subsequent individual and group sessions monthly.
Delivered by: case manager | 16 sessions over first 24 weeks and
then monthly for average of 2.8 years | Written information given to participants at a 1-year annual 30-minute individual session which emphasised the importance of healthy living.
Participants encouraged using the food pyramid and a set out diet.
Delivered by: case manager | Average of 2.8 years | Average of 2.8 years (range: 1.8 to 4.6 years) |
|
| (2) | Kosaka et al. [18] | Participants to weigh themselves at least once a week and reduce weight.
The following advice was repeated every 3-4 months at hospital visits: dietary; fat intake; reduce alcohol intake; reduce snacks and increase physical activity.
Delivered by: hospital staff | 4 years | Advised on meal portion size reduction and to increase physical activity levels.
Objectives repeatedly explained every 6 months.
Delivered by: hospital staff | 4 years | 4 years |
|
| (3) | Lindström et al. [19] | 7 face-to-face consultations in the first year, lasting 30 minutes to 1 hour, at weeks 0, 1-2, and 5-6 and then at months 3, 4, 6, and 9. Subsequent meetings were once every 3 months. Aimed to individualise diet recommendations for each participant and goal setting.
Dietician encouraged increase in physical endurance and resistance activities at each meeting.
Participants offered voluntary group sessions, low-fat cooking lessons, visits to local supermarket and between-visits phone calls and letters.
Delivered by: nutritionist | 7 sessions in first 9 months and then one session every 3 months for 3 years | Given general information about lifestyle and diabetes risks. Delivered in one-to-one or groups session, lasting 30 minutes to 1 hour
Control group given same information on weight reduction and physical activity as intervention, but consultations were not individualised.
Delivered by: nutritionist | 1 session at initiation of study, participants carried on control for 3 years | 3 years |
|
| (4) | Moore et al. [20] | The healthy living course.
Sessions with groups of 6 to 10 participants. Aim to promote healthy lifestyle.
6 sessions over 6 months providing information on diet, exercise, motivation, goal setting, and stress.
Delivered by: facilitators who undertook 3-day training workshop | 6 months | Waiting list | 6 months | 6 months |
|
| (5) | Penn et al. [21] | Individual sessions for 30 minutes per session, immediately following randomisation and 2 weeks later and then monthly for first 3 months and every 3 months thereafter for up to 5 years.
Discount card of 80% to physical exercise facilities and personal trainer sessions.
Delivered by: dietician and physiotherapist | Up to 5 years | Offered health promotion advice including widely available written leaflets on healthy eating and physical activity | Up to 5 years | Average of 3.1 years (range: 0–5 years) |
|
| (6) | Ramachandran et al. [22] | Advice on healthy eating and regular physical exercise given by monthly phone calls for first 6 months.
Individual sessions delivered once every 6 months.
Delivered by: dietician, doctor, and social worker | 3 years | States “given standard healthcare advice.”
Delivered by: dietician, doctor, and social worker | 1 session at initiation of study, participants carried on control for 3 years | 3 years |
|
| (7) | Roumen et al. [23] | Every 3 months, a 1-hour counselling session on individualised dietary advice and increasing physical activity.
3 times a year participants participated in an exercise programme using a heartbeat watch.
Delivered by: dietician and physiotherapist | 3 years | Briefly informed about the beneficial effects of a healthy diet and physical activity, with no individual advice provided.
Delivered by: dietician | 1 session at initiation of study, participants carried on control for 3 years | 3 years |
|
| (8) | Saito et al. [24] | Given pedometers and general information on diabetes and lifestyle modification.
9 follow-up sessions at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months to set goals for next meeting and encourage weight loss and moderate exercise.
Delivered by: medical staff (nurses, dieticians, physiotherapists, and doctors) | 36 months | 4 sessions at 12-month intervals starting at 0 months.
Provided instructions on physical activity and weight loss voluntarily without follow-up support.
Delivered by: medical staff (nurses, dieticians, physiotherapists, and doctors) | 36 months | 36 months |
|
| (9) | Xu et al. [25] | Educational lecture on balanced diet, regular exercise, and behavioural strategies to control blood glucose. To follow 2007 Chinese guidelines for the management of type 2 diabetes and dietary guidelines for Chinese.
Daily meal replacement for 3 months of intervention.
Given individualised diet instructions and recommended moderate exercise.
Delivered by: not specified | 3 months | Educational lecture on balanced diet, regular exercise, and behavioural strategies to control blood glucose. To follow 2007 Chinese guidelines for the management of type 2 diabetes and dietary guidelines for Chinese.
Delivered by: not specified | 1 initial session | 12 months |
|
