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| # | Study | BMI change (kg/m2) | Weight change (kg) | Physical exercise capacity |
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| (1) | Knowler et al. [17] | Not primary or secondary outcome of the study | 50% of the intervention group achieved ≥7% weight loss by 24 weeks. At the end of the study this was 38%
Average weight loss was 5.6 kg in intervention and 0.1 kg in control | Activity levels of 150 minutes a week met by 74% of intervention group at 24 weeks. This reduced to 58% by the end of the study |
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| (2) | Kosaka et al. [18] | Not primary or secondary outcome of the study | In intervention group body weight decreased by 2.5 kg after 1 year and then increased thereafter but remained 2.18 kg lower than baseline at 4 years.
Control group’s weight decreased by 0.39 kg by end of 4 years | Not primary or secondary outcome |
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| (3) | Lindström et al. [19] | BMI at baseline for intervention = 31.4 ± 4.5, at 1 year = −1.6 ± 1.8, and at 3 years = −1.3 ± 1.9.
BMI at baseline for control = 31.1 ± 4.5, at 1 year = −0.4 ± 1.3, and at 3 years = −0.3 ± 2.0 | Target to lose ≥ 5% weight achieved by year one: 46% in intervention and 14% in control.
Weight for intervention at baseline = 86.7 ± 14.0, at 1 year = −4.5 ± 5.0, and at 3 years = −3.5 ± 5.1. Weight for control at baseline = 85.5 ± 14.4, at 1 year = −1.0 ± 3.7, and at 3 years = −0.9 ± 5.4 | Moderate to vigorous leisure time activity increased in the intervention group compared to the control group. Intervention group at baseline (min/week): mean of 16 minutes and increased to mean of 50 minutes. Control group at baseline (min/week): mean of 21 minutes and increased to mean of 23 minutes. |
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| (4) | Moore et al. [20] | BMI at baseline for intervention = 29.66 ± 5.33 and at 6 months = 28.72 ± 5.00.
BMI at baseline for control = 29.79 ± 4.94 and at 6 months = 29.50 ± 5.24 | Weight for intervention at baseline = 80.7 kg ± 16.01 and at 6 months = 78.11 ± 14.98.
Weight for control group at baseline = 82.02 ± 16.27 and at 6 months = 81.20 ± 17.39 | Not primary or secondary outcome |
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| (5) | Penn et al. [21] | Not primary or secondary outcome of the study | Change in mean weight at 1 year for intervention and control groups was −2.3 kg and +0.01 kg, respectively | There were no significant differences in sustained physical activity levels |
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| (6) | Ramachandran et al. [22] | Not primary or secondary outcome of the study | No significant difference in weight seen with intervention group and significant increase in weight for control group (figure not provided estimated at 0.7 kg increase from graph provided) | Physical activity adherence showed an improvement of 41.7% to 58.8% in intervention group from baseline to the end of study |
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| (7) | Roumen et al. [23] | Mean BMI for intervention from baseline = 29.6 ± 3.8, 1 year = −0.94 ± 1.25, 2 years = −0.61 ± 1.49, and 3 years = −0.36 ± 1.47.
Mean BMI for control from baseline = 29.2 ± 3.3, 1 year = −0.20 ± 1.39, 2 years = −0.02 ± 1.17,
and 3 years = +0.08 ± 1.80 | Mean weight (kg) change for intervention from baseline of 87.5 ± 13.7, 1 year = −2.77 ± 3.69, 2 years = −1.76 ± 4.34, and 3 years = −1.08 ± 4.30.
Mean weight change for control from baseline of 83.0 ± 11.7, 1 year = −0.62 ± 3.92, 2 years = −0.11 ± 3.26,
and 3 years = +0.16 ± 4.91 | In the intervention group, the number of days where at least 30 minutes of physical activity was achieved increased by 0.89 ± 2.75 days from baseline, while in the control group the number of days decreased by −0.55 ± 3.31.
VO2 (l/min) max at baseline for intervention = 2.22 ± 0.61; this changed at 1 year = +0.13 ± 0.25,
2 years = 0.10 ± 0.25,
and 3 years = 0.05 ± 0.35.
VO2 max for control at baseline = 2.13 ± 0.55; this changed at 1 year = +0.02 ± 0.21,
2 years = −0.05 ± 0.23, and 3 years = −0.06 ± 0.21 |
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| (8) | Saito et al. [24] | Not primary or secondary outcome of the study | Achieving weight loss of 5% or more at 36 months = 32% for intervention and 18% for control.
Mean weight reduction at 36 months = 2.5 kg for intervention and 1.1 kg for control | Not primary or secondary outcome |
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| (9) | Xu et al. [25] | BMI for intervention at baseline = 26.80 ± 3.13 and at 1 year = −0.66 ± 0.13. BMI for control at baseline = 25.72 ± 3.83 and at 1 year = −0.22 ± 0.15 | Weight loss for intervention at baseline was 68.24 ± 9.73 and changed at 1 year to −1.75 ± 0.35.
Weight loss for control at baseline was 69.69 ± 10.36 and changed at 1 year to −0.55 ± 0.40 | Not primary or secondary outcome |
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