Expanded Normal Weight Obesity and Insulin Resistance in US Adults of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Table 3

Mean differences in HOMA-IR across the expanded normal weight obesity (eNWO) categories, adjusted for covariates.

Covariates	Expanded normal weight obesity (eNWO)							F
	UW	NW-L	NW-H	OW-L	OW-H	OB-L	OB-H
	mean ± SE	mean ± SE	mean ± SE	mean ± SE	mean ± SE	mean ± SE	mean ± SE
None	0.8 ± 0.07^a	1.1 ± 0.02^b	1.6 ± 0.08^c	1.9 ± 0.05^d	2.2 ± 0.07^e	3.2 ± 0.28^f	3.9 ± 0.14^g	291.3	<0.0001
Demographics	0.9 ± 0.09^a	1.2 ± 0.05^b	1.7 ± 0.08^c	1.8 ± 0.07^d	2.3 ± 0.08^e	3.2 ± 0.28^f	4.0 ± 0.13^g	286.2	<0.0001
Demographics and lifestyle^†	0.9 ± 0.09^a	1.1 ± 0.05^b	1.6 ± 0.09^c	1.8 ± 0.07^d	2.2 ± 0.09^e	3.2 ± 0.29^f	3.9 ± 0.12^g	340.9	<0.0001

UW = underweight (, proportion = 1.9%); NW-L = normal weight-low body fat (, proportion = 30.1%); NW-H = normal weight-high body fat (, proportion = 4.5%); OW-L = overweight-low body fat (, proportion = 15.9%); OW-H = overweight-high body fat (, proportion = 18.3%); OB-L = obese-low body fat (, proportion = 2.1%); OB-H = obese-high body fat (, proportion = 27.2%). Ns are unweighted and proportions are survey-weighted. Focus should be on the survey-weighted proportions because they represent the US adult population. ^{a,b,c,d,e,f,g}Means on the same row with the same superscript letter are not significantly different. For this table, each mean is significantly different from each other mean (). Demographic covariates included age, sex, race, and year of assessment. ^†Lifestyle covariates included moderate physical activity, vigorous physical activity, and smoking. Means on the same row have been adjusted for differences in the covariates listed in the first column.