Case Finding and Medical Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes among Different Ethnic Minority Groups: The HELIUS Study
Table 1
Characteristics of the study population, by ethnicity and sex.
Dutch
South-Asian Surinamese
African Surinamese
Ghanaian
Turkish
Moroccan
Men
N
2080
1364
1598
901
1624
1505
Age (y)
Education (%)
1 (lowest)
3.4
13.0
6.6
15.9
24.6
25.7
2
13.6
32.4
40.8
45.9
30.8
21.8
3
23.4
30.7
34.0
29.4
28.5
33.4
4 (highest)
59.6
23.9
18.6
8.9
16.0
19.1
Current smoking (% yes)
26.2
39.8
42.9
7.6
41.1
26.3
Alcohol (% yes)
93.7
67.1
79.2
53.8
34.9
12.9
Achieving PA norm (% yes)
73.0
58.0
69.0
62.5
50.0
56.1
BMI (kg/m2)
WHR
Diabetes† (% yes)
5.0
21.5
11.5
14.9
11.3
12.0
Known diabetes∞ (% yes)
3.0
17.6
8.2
12.4
8.3
9.8
Women
N
2461
1668
2511
1422
1967
2382
Age (y)
Education (%)
1 (lowest)
3.2
15.7
5.0
37.0
37.5
34.6
2
14.8
34.1
32.7
36.3
20.0
15.5
3
20.7
27.9
36.6
22.3
28.6
33.3
4 (highest)
61.3
22.3
25.8
4.5
14.0
16.6
Current smoking (% yes)
23.3
19.0
24.5
2.6
29.2
5.3
Alcohol (% yes)
88.8
47.4
62.1
43.5
12.7
3.9
Achieving PA norm (% yes)
77.8
49.6
56.5
47.3
35.1
40.9
BMI (kg/m2)
WHR
Diabetes† (% yes)
2.4
17.7
12.1
9.6
9.3
10.8
Known diabetes∞ (% yes)
1.9
16.0
10.5
7.6
8.1
9.3
Data are mean with standard deviation or percentages. BMI = body mass index. WHR = waist-to-hip ratio. †Diabetes based on self-report, fasting glucose ≥ 7 mmol/l, and/or use of glucose-lowering medication. ∞Diabetes based on self-report.
