Effects of Newer Antidiabetic Drugs on Endothelial Function and Arterial Stiffness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Summary characteristics of studies included in the analysis.

Author	Class	Agent	Study design	N	Duration	FMD (%)		PWV (m/s)
					(days)	Baseline	Post	Baseline	Post
Ayaori et al. [31]	DPP-4i	Sitagliptin	RCT	42	42	7.2 ± 5.9	4.4 ± 5.9
		Alogliptin				6.9 ± 6.3	4.4 ± 6.2
Baltzis et al. [32]	DPP-4i	Linagliptin	RCT	19	84	6.5 ± 2.1	7.2 ± 2.5
de Boer et al. [33]	DPP-4i	Linagliptin	RCT	22	182			8.7 ± 1.6	8.3 ± 1.3
Dell’Oro et al. [34]	DPP-4i	Saxagliptin	RCT	16	360	3.6 ± 0.3	7.4 ± 0.8
Duvnjak et al. [49]	DPP-4i	Sitagliptin/vildagliptin	Open label (NR)	51	90			8.6 ± 0.3	8.4 ± 0.3
Gurkan et al. [35]	GLP-1 RA	Exenatide	RCT	17	182	6.4 ± 5.7	8.6 ± 4.7
Hong et al. [50]	GLP-1 RA	Exenatide	Single arm (NR)	32	90			7.2 ± 2.2	5.1 ± 0.1
Hopkins et al. [51]	GLP-1 RA	Exenatide/liraglutide	Single arm (NR)	11	180	6.2 ± 2.3	5.1 ± 2.7
Ida et al. [52]	DPP-4i	Trelagliptin	Single arm (NR)	27	84	2.4 ± 2.7	2.7 ± 3.8	16.3 ± 2.4	15.6 ± 2.2^∗
Irace et al. [36]	GLP-1 RA	Exenatide	RCT	10	112	1.6 ± 2.9	9.1 ± 3.6
Nakamura et al. [24]	DPP-4i	Sitagliptin	RCT	24	90	5.4 ± 2.3	6.2 ± 2.0
Kim et al. [37]	DPP-4i	Vildagliptin	RCT	17	84	9.4 ± 5.0	7.9 ± 4.3
Kitao et al. [38]	DPP-4i	Vildagliptin	RCT	48	84	5.5 ± 2.0	5.1 ± 2.3
Kubota et al. [53]	DPP-4i	Sitagliptin	Single arm (NR)	40	90	4.1 ± 1.5	5.1 ± 1.6
Lambadiari et al. [39]	GLP-1 RA	Liraglutide	RCT	30	180	8.9 ± 3.0	13.2 ± 6.0	11.8 ± 2.5	10.3 ± 3.3
Leung et al. [40]	DPP-4i	Sitagliptin/vildagliptin	RCT	25	365	2.4 ± 1.6	7.3 ± 1.6
Li et al. [41]	DPP-4i	Saxagliptin	RCT	14	84	9.3 ± 4.7	14.3 ± 4.3
Nomoto et al. [42]	DPP-4i	Sitagliptin	RCT	48	182	5.6 ± 2.8	5.6 ± 2.8
Nomoto et al. [43]	GLP-1 RA	Liraglutide	RCT	16	98	6.0 ± 2.6	5.6 ± 1.6
Shigiyama et al. [44]	SGLT-2i	Dapagliflozin	RCT	37	112	4.8 ± 1.9	5.7 ± 2.1
Shigiyama et al. [45]	DPP-4i	Linagliptin	RCT	29	112	4.9 ± 2.7	6.3 ± 2.7
Solini et al. [46]	SGLT-2i	Dapagliflozin	RCT	16	2	2.8 ± 2.3	4.0 ± 2.1	10.1 ± 1.6	8.9 ± 1.6
Suzuki et al. [25]	DPP-4i	Sitagliptin	RCT	12	90	3.7 ± 2.3	5.4 ± 2.2
Maruhashi et al. [23]	DPP-4i	Sitagliptin	RCT	17	720	4.3 ± 2.6	4.4 ± 2.3
Widlansky et al. [47]	DPP-4i	Saxagliptin	RCT	16	56	5.6 ± 2.3	5.8 ± 2.3
Zografou et al. [48]	DPP-4i	Vildagliptin	RCT	32	180			8.6 ± 2.1	8.3 ± 1.5

DPP-4i: dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor; FMD: flow-mediated dilation; GLP-1 RA: glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist; NR: nonrandomized; RCT: randomized clinical trial; SGLT-2i: sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor; PWV: pulse wave velocity. N refers to the active treatment group. The full list of references of the studies included in the table is provided in the supplementary material. Measured as brachial-ankle PWV.