Association of PD-1 and PD-L1 Genetic Polymorphyisms with Type 1 Diabetes Susceptibility

Table 1

Characteristics of T1DM patients and normal controls in this study.

Characteristic	All	Type 1 diabetes	Control
Total number	266	166	100
Gender
Female (n)	146	82	64
Male (n)	120	84	36
Age (year)	34.1 ± 15.9	25.9 ± 12.3	47.7 ± 11.1
Diabetes duration (year)	—	7.3 ± 6.5	—
HbA1c (%)	—	8.7 ± 2.8	—
Presence of AABs (IAA, ICA, and GADA)	—	97	—

Data are mean—standard deviation (SD); HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; AABs: subjects tested for autoantibodies; IAA: insulin autoantibody; ICA: islet cell autoantibody; GADA: glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody.