Prevalence of Prediabetes, Diabetes, and Its Associated Risk Factors among Males in Saudi Arabia: A Population-Based Survey

Table 4

Regression modeling for diabetic classification and its risk factors in male Al-Kharj population.

			By diabetic classification
	Unadjusted OR diabetes (versus total nondiabetes)	Adjusted OR diabetes (versus total nondiabetes)	Unadjusted OR		Adjusted OR
			Prediabetes (versus nondiabetes)	Diabetes (versus nondiabetes)	Prediabetes (versus nondiabetes)	Diabetes (versus nondiabetes)
Age (years)
18–24	1	—	1	1	—	—
25–44	1.91 (0.56–6.48)	—	2.08 (1.16–3.73)	2.36 (0.66–8.47)	—	—
45–60	13.67 (4.25–43.99)	—	4.63 (1.81–11.83)	38.5 (9.83–150.79)	—	—
BMI
Normal	1	1	1	1	1	1
Overweight	1.63 (0.61–4.33)	0.99 (0.39–2.47)	1.94 (1.03–3.64)	1.96 (0.68–5.62)	1.74 (0.91–3.31)	1.24 (0.38–3.99)
Obese	2.75 (1.14–6.67)	1.52 (0.64–3.59)	3.65 (2.00–6.67)	4.44 (1.68–11.72)	3.29 (1.77–6.11)	2.86 (0.98–8.37)
Waist circumference
≤102 cm	1	1	1	1	1	1
>102 cm	2.67 (1.40–5.08)	1.26 (0.59–2.68)	2.41 (1.50–3.88)	3.98 (1.91–8.28)	2.11 (1.29–3.46)	2.03 (1.07–3.77)
Smoking status
Never smoker	1	1	1	1	1	1
Current smoker or ex-smoker	0.81 (0.40–1.63)	1.14 (0.58–2.25)	1.42 (0.88–2.28)	0.88 (0.40–1.93)	1.42 (0.87–2.32)	1.21 (0.50–2.92)
Marital status
Single	1	1	1	1	1	1
Married	2.49 (1.16–5.35)	1.01 (0.52–1.95)	3.01 (1.83–4.97)	3.70 (1.61–8.47)	1.85 (1.01–3.40)	0.66 (0.22–1.97)
Education level
Primary	1	1	1	1	1	1
Secondary	0.20 (0.09–0.44)	0.76 (0.32–1.79)	0.17 (0.02–1.54)	0.03 (0.01–0.32)	0.37 (0.04–3.68)	0.18 (0.02–2.01)
Intermediate	0.42 (0.16–1.07)	0.96 (0.39–2.35)	0.14 (0.01–1.51)	0.08 (0.01–0.81)	0.27 (0.02-3.20)	0.27 (0.02-3.81)
University or postgraduate	0.10 (0.05–0.20)	0.43 (0.15–1.29)	0.09 (0.01–0.78)	0.01 (0.01–0.11)	0.16 (0.02–1.51)	0.06 (0.01–0.63)
Job type
Unemployed	1	1	1	1	1	1
Civilian	1.52 (0.38–6.05)	0.27 (0.06–1.17)	1.79 (0.71–4.51)	1.82 (0.41–8.08)	0.82 (0.31–2.22)	0.11 (0.02–0.65)

Adjusted by continuous age variable; bold numbers are indicating significant at value of less than 0.05.