Research Article

Association of Metformin Treatment with Reduced Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Table 1

Demographic features and clinical characteristics of the patients.

CharactersNonmetformin treated ()Metformin treated () value

Age (years)74.2 ± 9.673.8 ± 10.60.73
Gender—number (%)
 Male69 (49)99 (51)0.67
 Female73 (51)94 (49)
Race—number (%)
 Black90 (63)104 (54)0.06
 White45 (32)81 (42)
 Other7 (5)8 (4)
Duration of diabetes (years)15.7 ± 715.1 ± 6.70.39
HbA1c (%)
 5-year low6.9 ± 1.17 ± 1.30.40
 5-year high9.4 ± 29.5 ± 1.80.81
 5-year median8.2 ± 1.38.2 ± 1.40.58

Treatment for diabetes—number (%)
 Insulin
  Yes132 (93)141 (73)<0.001
  No10 (7)52 (27)
 Other oral hypoglycemic agent
  Sulfonylurea54 (38)142 (74)<0.001#
  Other oral hypoglycemic agents3 (2)6 (3)
  No other oral hypoglycemic agents85 (60)45 (23)

Treatment for diabetic retinopathy—number (%)
 Focal/grid laser photocoagulation
  Yes64 (45)73 (38)0.22
  No78 (55)120 (62)
 Pan-retinal photocoagulation
  Yes61 (43)48 (25)0.001
  No81 (57)145 (75)
 Intravitreal anti-VEGF reagent
  Yes12 (8)23 (12)0.37
  No130 (92)170 (88)

, chi-square test; , Fisher exact test.