Research Article
Association of Metformin Treatment with Reduced Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Table 1
Demographic features and clinical characteristics of the patients.
| Characters | Nonmetformin treated () | Metformin treated () | value |
| Age (years) | 74.2 ± 9.6 | 73.8 ± 10.6 | 0.73 | Gender—number (%) | | | | Male | 69 (49) | 99 (51) | 0.67 | Female | 73 (51) | 94 (49) | Race—number (%) | | | | Black | 90 (63) | 104 (54) | 0.06 | White | 45 (32) | 81 (42) | Other | 7 (5) | 8 (4) | Duration of diabetes (years) | 15.7 ± 7 | 15.1 ± 6.7 | 0.39 | HbA1c (%) | | | | 5-year low | 6.9 ± 1.1 | 7 ± 1.3 | 0.40 | 5-year high | 9.4 ± 2 | 9.5 ± 1.8 | 0.81 | 5-year median | 8.2 ± 1.3 | 8.2 ± 1.4 | 0.58 |
| Treatment for diabetes—number (%) | Insulin | | | | Yes | 132 (93) | 141 (73) | <0.001 | No | 10 (7) | 52 (27) | Other oral hypoglycemic agent | | | | Sulfonylurea | 54 (38) | 142 (74) | <0.001# | Other oral hypoglycemic agents | 3 (2) | 6 (3) | No other oral hypoglycemic agents | 85 (60) | 45 (23) |
| Treatment for diabetic retinopathy—number (%) | Focal/grid laser photocoagulation | | | | Yes | 64 (45) | 73 (38) | 0.22 | No | 78 (55) | 120 (62) | Pan-retinal photocoagulation | | | | Yes | 61 (43) | 48 (25) | 0.001 | No | 81 (57) | 145 (75) | Intravitreal anti-VEGF reagent | | | | Yes | 12 (8) | 23 (12) | 0.37 | No | 130 (92) | 170 (88) |
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, chi-square test; , Fisher exact test. |