Remote Lifestyle Coaching Plus a Connected Glucose Meter with Certified Diabetes Educator Support Improves Glucose and Weight Loss for People with Type 2 Diabetes
Table 2
Change in weight and glucose control with intervention.
Outcomes
All participants
Livongo only
Livongo + scale
Livongo + scale + lightweight RH coaching
Livongo + scale + intensive RH coaching
ANOVA value
Weight (lb)
221
NA
90
67
64
Weight, preintervention
236 ± 52
NA
224 ± 52
246 ± 49
244 ± 55
0.02
Weight, postintervention
233 ± 51
NA
223 ± 50
242 ± 49
238 ± 53
0.06
Weight change
−3.5 ± 11.6
NA
−1.1 ± 13.7
−4.1 ± 9.4
−6.4 ± 9.7
0.02
BG checks per day
324
75
113
71
65
BG count, preintervention
1.05 ± 1
1.2 ± 1.01
0.99 ± 0.85
0.95 ± 1.09
1.07 ± 1.09
0.38
BG count, postintervention
0.86 ± 0.9
0.97 ± 0.94
0.78 ± 0.82
0.92 ± 1.06
0.8 ± 0.81
0.48
BG count change
−0.19 ± 0.82
−0.25 ± 0.74
−0.21 ± 0.85
−0.03 ± 0.8
−0.28 ± 0.85
0.26
Mean BG (mg/dL)
322
75
112
71
64
Mean BG, preintervention
168 ± 50
172 ± 65
170 ± 43
159 ± 40
169 ± 51
0.43
Mean BG, postintervention
158 ± 46
168 ± 51
165 ± 51
148 ± 36
146 ± 40
0.007
Mean BG change
−8.3 ± 44
−4.2 ± 52
−2.8 ± 47
−11.3 ± 35
−19.4 ± 35
0.02
Estimated HbA1c, eA1c (%)
275
75
87
59
54
eA1c, preintervention
7.5 ± 1.9
7.6 ± 2.1
7.8 ± 1.8
7.2 ± 1.6
7.5 ± 1.8
0.33
eA1c, postintervention
7.1 ± 1.4
7.5 ± 1.3
7.3 ± 1.4
6.9 ± 1.5
6.6 ± 1.3
0.003
eA1c, change
−0.4 ± 1.5
−0.1 ± 1.6
−0.4 ± 1.3
−0.4 ± 1.4
−0.7 ± 1.5
0.02
All statistically significant comparisons are indicated. Average BG checks/day, 30 days prior to intervention. Average BG checks/day, final 30 days of intervention.
