Prevalence and Risk Factors for Glucose Intolerance among Saudi Women with Gestational Diabetes

Table 1

Comparison of the characteristics of women with previous gestational diabetes who developed impaired glucose tolerance/diabetes and women who remained normoglycemic.

Characteristic	Normal glucose tolerance ()	Impaired glucose tolerance ()	Diabetes ()	value
Age (years)
Less than 30	18 (31)	20 (33)	2 (13)	0.41
30 or more	40 (69)	40 (67)	13 (87)
Primiparous	15 (26)	12 (20)	2 (13)	0.71
Multiparous	43 (74)	48 (80)	13 (87)
Family history of DM
Yes	41 (71)	53 (88)	13 (87)	0.04
No	17 (29)	7 (12)	2 (13)
Pre-pregnancy BMI (mean ± SD)	28.2 ± 6.4	28.4 ± 5.2	34.3 ± 5.5	<0.01
BMI ≤ 25 kg/m^2	14 (24)	14 (23)	0 (0.0)	0.01
BMI = 25.1–29.9 kg/m^2	13 (22)	15 (25)	1 (7)
BMI ≥ 30 kg/m^2	31 (53)	31 (52)	14 (93)
Pregnancy fasting glucose level (mmol/l)	5.19 ± 0.98	5.19 ± 0.71	5.5 ± 0.7	0.35
Treatment of GDM
Diet only	56 (97)	56 (93)	9 (60)	<0.01
Insulin	2 (3)	4 (7)	6 (40)
Current BMI (kg/m^2)
BMI ≤ 25 kg/m^2	11 (19)	7 (12)	0 (0.0)	0.22
BMI = 25.1–29.9 kg/m^2	15 (26)	15 (25)	2 (13)
BMI ≥ 30 kg/m^2	32 (55)	38 (63)	13 (87)
BMI (mean ± SD)	30.9 ± 6.4	31.4 ± 5.6	36.2 ± 4.8	<0.01