The U-Shaped Association between Bilirubin and Diabetic Retinopathy Risk: A Five-Year Cohort Based on 5323 Male Diabetic Patients
Table 4
HRs and 95% CI of DR incidence according to follow-up TBiL changes (μmol/L).
Variable type
HR (95% CI)
Total population ()
Continuous variable
0.967 (0.944–0.991)
0.006
Categorical variable
0.011
≤−2
1.411 (1.081–1.842)
−2 to 2
1.00 (Ref)
≥2
0.858 (0.770–0.947)
Among those with baseline TBiL level ≤ 12.5 μmol/L ()
Continuous variable
0.964 (0.931–0.986)
0.037
Categorical variable
0.003
≤−2
1.756 (1.217–2.534)
−2 to 2
1.00 (Ref)
≥2
0.853 (0.761–0.934)
Among those with baseline TBiL level > 12.5 μmol/L ()
Continuous variable
0.969 (0.936–1.003)
0.072
Categorical variable
0.794
≤−2
1.059 (0.689–1.626)
−2 to 2
1.00 (Ref)
≥2
0.864 (0.451–1.654)
Adjusted for age, marital status, current smoking, current alcohol drinking, BMI, baseline Hb, ALT, baseline prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia, control of diabetes, duration of diabetes, and baseline TBiL levels (as continuous variable) in the model.
