Treatment Discontinuation and Clinical Events in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Treated with Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors or NPH Insulin as Third-Line Therapy

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with new users of NPH insulin or DPP-4 inhibitors, MarketScan database, 2011–2014.

Characteristics	DPP-4 inhibitor ()	NPH insulin ()
Female sex, n (%)	29,961 (59.5)	2103 (52.8)
Age in years, median (IQR)	58 (51–64)	57 (50–63)
Urban residency, n (%)	40,336 (82.3)	3511 (89.6)
Year of cohort entry (%)
2011	5196 (10.3)	293 (7.4)
2012	21,234 (42.2)	1714 (43.1)
2013	12,597 (25.0)	1276 (32.1)
2014	11,311 (22.5)	697 (17.5)
Comorbidities
Hypoglycemia, n (%)^†	2040 (4.1)	836 (21.0)
Dyslipidemia, n (%)^†	33,992 (67.5)	2473 (62.1)
One or more comorbidity, n (%)^†	4647 (9.2)	471 (11.8)
Coronary artery disease, n (%)^‡	1489 (3.0)	114 (2.9)
Number of hospitalizations, mean (SD)^†	0.12 (0.41)	0.19 (0.61)
Number of physician visits, mean (SD)^†	10.2 (10.3)	9.9 (11.5)
Number of ED visits, mean (SD)^†	0.33 (0.93)	0.50 (1.25)

SD: standard deviation; IQR: interquartile range; CCI: Charlson comorbidity index; ED: emergency department. Unknown residence status = 1403. ^†Based on outpatient and inpatient claims in the year preceding cohort entry. ^‡ICD-9-CM code for acute myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary revascularization, unstable angina, or coronary artery bypass grafting in the preceding year.