Research Article
Glomerular Filtration Rate and/or Ratio of Urine Albumin to Creatinine as Markers for Diabetic Retinopathy: A Ten-Year Follow-Up Study
Table 3
Statistical analysis at the end of the ten-year follow-up study.
| | Variables | Category | Mean values | Univariate statistical study significance |
| | Age (years) | No diabetic retinopathy | 62.53 ± 13.63 | , () | | Diabetic retinopathy | 71.94 ± 10.56 |
| | Sex (male) | No diabetic retinopathy | 41.50% | , OR 2.24 (1.05–3.22) | | Diabetic retinopathy | 58.50% |
| | Diabetes duration (years) | No diabetic retinopathy | 9.36 ± 6.58 | , () | | Diabetic retinopathy | 12.18 ± 6.21 |
| | Arterial hypertension | No diabetic retinopathy | 49.53 | , OR 2.04 (1.14–3.11) | | Diabetic retinopathy | 50.47 |
| | Insulin treatment | No diabetic retinopathy | 18.54 | , OR 3.98 (2.24–5.17) | | Diabetic retinopathy | 51.40 |
| | HbA1c (%) | No diabetic retinopathy | 7.69 ± 2.69 | , () | | Diabetic retinopathy | 8.07 ± 1.76 |
| | eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | No diabetic retinopathy | 89.66 ± 16.11 | , () | | Diabetic retinopathy | 56.32 ± 12.20 |
| | UACR (mg/g) | No diabetic retinopathy | 4.82 ± 43.00 | , () | | Diabetic retinopathy | 75.30 ± 231.26 |
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Study made with two-tailed Student’s t-test or ANOVA; : Fisher-Snedecor distribution. Study made with Chi-square; OR: odds ratio (95% CI). |
