Glomerular Filtration Rate and/or Ratio of Urine Albumin to Creatinine as Markers for Diabetic Retinopathy: A Ten-Year Follow-Up Study
Table 4
Multivariate analysis using Cox’s proportional regression analysis of any-diabetic retinopathy.
Variables
Model 1
Model 2
Model 3
Model 4
Current age
HR 1.136 (1.084–1.224)†
HR 1.140 (1.081–1.227)
HR 1.140 (1.072–1.284)
HR 1.145 (1.083–1.290)
Sex
HR 0.761 (0.643–0.961)
HR 0.822 (0.668–1.060)
HR 0.820 (0.651–1.072)
HR 0.834 (0.644–1.015)
Insulin treatment
HR 1.218 (1.131–1.448)
HR 1.302 (1.188–1.506)
HR 1.311 (1.174–1.501)
HR 1.302 (1.178–1.545)
Arterial hypertension
HR 1.118 (0.985–1.788)
HR 1.121 (0.907–1.340)
HR 1.134 (1.002–1.161)
HR 1.367 (1.062–1.899)
HbA1c
HR 2.135 (1.893–2.408)
HR 2.089 (1.811–2.632)
HR 2.052 (1.780–2.273)
HR 2.037 (1.806–2.297)
eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2
HR 1.854 (1.251–4.431)
HR 1.223 (1.098–1.201)
HR 1.103 (0.078–1.311)
UACR ≥ 30 mg/g
HR 1.485 (1.103–1.548)
HR 1.485 (1.092–1.465)
UACR ≥ 300 mg/g and eGFR< 30 ml/min/1.73 m2
HR 1.998 (1.682–2.305)
Model 1, Cox’s analysis in which the variables of renal function are not included; model 2, Cox’s analysis in which we include only the eGFR variable for the study of renal function; model 3, Cox’s analysis with eGFR and UACR as variables for the study of renal function; model 4, Cox’s analysis in which we included in addition to the eGFR and the UACR, the presence of renal failure. †Hazard ratio (95% CI).
