Research Article
Predicting Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Occurrence Using Three-Dimensional Anthropometric Body Surface Scanning Measurements: A Prospective Cohort Study
Table 2
Three-dimensional body surface measurements of T2DM cases and controls.
| | Control | T2DM | value | | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD |
| | Whole body | | Height (cm) | 161.4 ± 8.6 | 159.9 ± 8.5 | <0.0001 | | Weight (kg) | 63.9 ± 11.5 | 66.8 ± 12.1 | <0.0001 | | Body mass index | 24.4 ± 3.4 | 26.0 ± 3.6 | <0.0001 | | Head & neck | | Head circumference (cm) | 58.9 ± 2.0 | 58.9 ± 1.9 | 0.3969 | | Head surface area (cm2) | 1337.3 ± 203.5 | 1313.0 ± 223.3 | <0.0001 | | Head volume (cm3) | 4720.5 ± 531.4 | 4765.7 ± 536.5 | 0.0016 | | Neck circumference (cm) | 36.9 ± 4.0 | 37.9 ± 4.1 | <0.0001 | | Trunk | | Chest | | Chest circumference (cm) | 95.5 ± 9.2 | 99.2 ± 9.2 | <0.0001 | | Waist circumference (cm) | 86.3 ± 10.3 | 91.0 ± 11.0 | <0.0001 | | Chest width (cm) | 31.9 ± 2.8 | 32.4 ± 2.9 | <0.0001 | | Waist | | Waist width (cm) | 30.2 ± 3.1 | 31.2 ± 3.2 | <0.0001 | | Chest sectional area (cm2) | 636.0 ± 121.1 | 689.7 ± 126.3 | <0.0001 | | Waist sectional area (cm2) | 568.7 ± 137.6 | 632.5 ± 150.5 | <0.0001 | | Trunk surface area (cm2) | 6646.4 ± 1642.4 | 6712.4 ± 1928.5 | 0.1875 | | Trunk volume (cm3) | 37859.3 ± 7921.9 | 40685.6 ± 8550.9 | <0.0001 | | Upper limbs | | Arm length (cm) | | Right | 56.4 ± 3.5 | 56.1 ± 3.4 | 0.0112 | | Left | 55.8 ± 3.5 | 55.5 ± 3.4 | 0.0028 | | Upper arm circumference (cm) | | Right | 29.8 ± 3.8 | 31.0 ± 4.0 | <0.0001 | | Left | 30.2 ± 4.0 | 31.3 ± 4.2 | <0.0001 | | Forearm circumference (cm) | | Right | 24.2 ± 2.5 | 24.9 ± 2.7 | <0.0001 | | Left | 24.4 ± 2.8 | 24.9 ± 2.8 | <0.0001 | | Arm surface area (cm2) | | Right | 1512.8 ± 275.5 | 1487.9 ± 259.0 | 0.0002 | | Left | 1526.5 ± 316.8 | 1487.8 ± 297.8 | <0.0001 | | Arm volume (cm3) | | Right | 2338.2 ± 479.0 | 2421.9 ± 478.3 | <0.0001 | | Left | 2392.4 ± 544.4 | 2437.3 ± 541.8 | 0.0011 | | Hip | | Hip circumference (cm) | 96.6 ± 6.2 | 98.5 ± 6.6 | <0.0001 | | Hip width (cm) | 34.3 ± 2.5 | 34.8 ± 2.4 | <0.0001 | | Hip sectional area (cm2) | 675.4 ± 105.1 | 711.9 ± 110.7 | <0.0001 | | Lower limbs | | Leg length (cm) | | Right | 68.8 ± 5.0 | 67.7 ± 5.0 | <0.0001 | | Left | 68.8 ± 5.0 | 67.7 ± 5.0. | <0.0001 | | Thigh circumference (cm) | | Right | 50.9 ± 4.9 | 52.0 ± 5.0 | <0.0001 | | Left | 50.8 ± 5.0 | 52.0 ± 5.1 | <0.0001 | | Calf circumference (cm) | | Right | 33.6 ± 3.5 | 34.0 ± 3.4 | <0.0001 | | Left | 33.5 ± 3.5 | 34.0 ± 3.5 | <0.0001 | | Leg surface area (cm2) | | Right | 2282.3 ± 415.4 | 2246.4 ± 420.3 | 0.0007 | | Left | 2244.8 ± 378.4 | 2214.5 ± 364.4 | 0.0011 | | Leg volume (cm3) | | Right | 6035.9 ± 1373.0 | 6166.2 ± 1370.1 | 0.0002 | | Left | 5990.5 ± 1373.6 | 6141.9 ± 1368.3 | <0.0001 |
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