Potent Oral Hypoglycemic Agents for Microvascular Complication: Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors for Diabetic Retinopathy

Table 1

Clinical characteristics of patients in the SGLT2i and control groups before propensity score matching.

	SGLT2i ()	Control ()	value
Age (years)	51.3 ± 9.7	57.8 ± 12.4	0.014
Sex (male : female)	16 : 5	38 : 33	0.064
Follow-up period (months)	20.1 ± 7.8	25.1 ± 9.2	0.140
Medical history
Duration of diabetes (years)	11.3 ± 8.9	11.5 ± 9.2	0.963
Presence of hypertension	10/21	37/71	0.717
Presence of CVD	2/21	8/71	0.822
Initial laboratory data
HbA1c (%)	9.6 ± 2.2	8.2 ± 1.8	0.007
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	170.8 ± 45.5	167.4 ± 48.9	0.832
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	181.4 ± 129.7	162.9 ± 159.4	0.148
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	48.5 ± 11.6	44.5 ± 11.3	0.168
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	91.2 ± 35.3	97.9 ± 52.0	0.669
Last laboratory data
HbA1c (%)	8.1 ± 1.3	7.6 ± 1.6	0.243
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	156.3 ± 35.6	156.5 ± 40.9	0.981
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	162.0 ± 90.3	148.8 ± 113.8	0.694
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	48.9 ± 9.6	45.9 ± 10.3	0.335
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	75.3 ± 25.5	88.7 ± 35.6	0.221
Initial ETDRS score			0.314
20, 35 (mild NPDR)	3	22
43, 47 (moderate NPDR)	13	29
53 (severe NPDR)	2	13
61, 65, 71, 75, 81 (PDR)	3	7
DR severity (worsened : stable)	3 : 18	31 : 40	0.014
No. of IVT	0.7 ± 1.2	1.2 ± 1.9	0.368

Data are presented as means ± standard deviations. CVD = cardiovascular disease; DR = diabetic retinopathy; ETDRS = Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; IVT = intravitreal anti-VEGF injection; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; NPDR = nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy; PDR = proliferative diabetic retinopathy; SGLT2i = sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor. .