Research Article
The Role of Serum Procalcitonin, Interleukin-6, and Fibrinogen Levels in Differential Diagnosis of Diabetic Foot Ulcer Infection
Table 1
Demographic characteristics of the patients.
| | Characteristics | Total | Diabetic groups | | | DFI () | NDFI () | Control () |
| | Age (year) | Min–max (median) | 29–84 (61) | 40–84 (62.5) | 39–81 (63) | 29–80 (59) | | | Mean ± SD | 61.07 ± 11.04 | 62.97 ± 11.47 | 62.24 ± 10.93 | 58.35 ± 10.46 | 0.124 |
| | Gender, (%) | Male | 67 (56.3) | 26 (68.4) | 25 (65.8) | 16 (37.2) | | | Female | 52 (43.7) | 12 (31.6) | 13 (34.2) | 27 (62.8) | 0.007 |
| | Duration of diabetes (year) | Min–max (median) | 1–35 (10) | 2–35 (14) | 1–32 (15) | 1–21 (6) | | | Mean ± SD | 11.60 ± 7.73 | 14.11 ± 7.65 | 13.47 ± 8.30 | 7.72 ± 5.61 | 0.001 |
| | Use of insulin, (%) | Absent | 52 (43.7) | 9 (23.7) | 10 (26.3) | 33 (76.7) | | | Present | 67 (56.3) | 29 (76.3) | 28 (73.7) | 10 (23.3) | 0.001 |
| | Use of oral antidiabetic, (%) | Absent | 64 (53.8) | 29 (76.3) | 25 (65.8) | 10 (23.3) | | | Present | 55 (46.2) | 9 (23.7) | 13 (34.2) | 33 (76.7) | 0.001 |
| | Not receiving antidiabetic treatment, (%) | No | 103 (86.6) | 28 (73.7) | 35 (92.1) | 40 (93.0) | | | Yes | 16 (13.4) | 10 (26.3) | 3 (7.9) | 3 (7.0) | 0.019 |
| | Hypertension, (%) | Absent | 58 (48.7) | 14 (36.8) | 24 (63.2) | 20 (46.5) | | | Present | 61 (51.3) | 24 (63.2) | 14 (36.8) | 23 (53.5) | 0.067 |
| | Cerebrovascular accident, (%) | Absent | 115 (96.6) | 37 (97.4) | 36 (94.7) | 42 (97.7) | | | Present | 4 (3.4) | 1 (2.6) | 2 (5.3) | 1 (2.3) | 0.836 |
| | Peripheral vascular disease, (%) | Absent | 105 (88.2) | 27 (71.1) | 35 (92.1) | 43 (100.0) | | | Present | 14 (11.8) | 11 (28.9) | 3 (7.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0.001 |
| | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, (%) | Absent | 114 (95.8) | 35 (92.1) | 36 (94.7) | 43 (100.0) | | | Present | 5 (4.2) | 3 (7.9) | 2 (5.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.187 |
| | Chronic renal failure, (%) | Absent | 111 (93.3) | 34 (89.5) | 36 (94.7) | 41 (95.3) | | | Present | 8 (6.7) | 4 (10.5) | 2 (5.3) | 2 (4.7) | 0.656 |
| | Coronary artery disease, (%) | Absent | 86 (72.3) | 23 (60.5) | 31 (81.6) | 32 (74.4) | | | Present | 33 (27.7) | 15 (39.5) | 7 (18.4) | 11 (25.6) | 0.113 |
| | Fasting blood glucose | Min–max (median) | 61–718 (190) | 98–718 (230.5) | 61–509 (195) | 62–320 (141) | | | Mean ± SD | 209.82 ± 111.76 | 253.32 ± 128.26 | 223.08 ± 115.23 | 159.65 ± 66.76 | 0.001 |
| | HbA1c | Min–max (median) | 5.60–18 (9) | 6.3–13.4 (9.2) | 5.6–18 (9.35) | 5.8–12.8 (7.2) | | | Mean ± SD | 9.18 ± 2.30 | 9.55 ± 1.73 | 9.89 ± 2.68 | 8.23 ± 2.11 | 0.002 |
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IDFU: infected diabetic foot ulcer; NIDFU: non-infected diabetic foot ulcer.
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