Involvement of RBP4 in Diabetic Atherosclerosis and the Role of Vitamin D Intervention
Table 1
Comparison of indicators among each group.
(a)
Group
TG (mmol/L)
LDL-c (mmol/L)
HDL-c (mmol/L)
TC (mmol/L)
FPG (mmol/L)
NC
8
0.57 ± 0.13
0.16 ± 0.03
0.71 ± 0.19
1.63 ± 0.32
5.12 ± 0.94
DM1
10
1.13 ± 0.37
0.31 ± 0.11
0.56 ± 0.12
1.69 ± 0.33
7.65 ± 1.42
DM2
11
2.16 ± 0.62▲
0.48 ± 0.15▲
0.49 ± 0.11
2.51 ± 0.43▲
10.05 ± 2.36▲
DM3
12
2.07 ± 0.59▲
0.34 ± 0.12★
0.52 ± 0.13
2.13 ± 0.39▲★
9.38 ± 2.13▲
22.914
11.943
4.528
12.029
12.606
<0.001
<0.001
0.008
<0.001
<0.001
versus NC group. versus DM1 group. versus DM2 group. TG: triglycerides; LDL-c: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-c: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TC: total cholesterol; FPG: fasting plasma glucose.
(b)
Group
RBP4 (ng/mL)
HOMA-IR
HOMA-β
25(OH)D (nmol/L)
Weight
NC
8
13.58 ± 3.56
1.85 ± 0.36
80.25 ± 9.47
130.00 ± 10.34
430.00 ± 32.36
DM1
10
18.61 ± 4.89
3.97 ± 1.13
56.24 ± 7.61
108.00 ± 8.15
480.00 ± 35.63
DM2
11
25.34 ± 5.47▲
6.27 ± 2.56▲
42.84 ± 6.82▲
97.00 ± 7.72
530.00 ± 47.84▲
DM3
12
20.89 ± 4.76★
4.54 ± 1.21★
51.04 ± 7.73★
450.00 ± 38.59▲★
520.00 ± 45.19▲
9.721
12.121
37.487
664.27
10.97
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
versus NC group. versus DM1 group. versus DM2 group. RBP4: retinol-binding protein 4; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HOMA-β: homeostasis model assessment β-cell function index; 25(OH)D: 25-hydroxyvitamin D.
(c)
Group
FINS (mU/L)
CRP (ng/mL)
AI1
AI2
SBP (mmHg)
NC
8
8.12 ± 1.54
339.8 ± 50.41
0.63 ± 0.14
0.23 ± 0.07
98.00 ± 8.38
DM1
10
11.67 ± 2.52
689.5 ± 71.13
0.69 ± 0.15
0.55 ± 0.12
105.00 ± 9.24
DM2
11
14.03 ± 3.12▲
1236.5 ± 103.16▲
1.51 ± 0.19▲
0.98 ± 0.36▲
123.00 ± 9.81▲
DM3
12
10.89 ± 2.27★
1004.7 ± 89.21▲★
1.13 ± 0.18▲★
0.65 ± 0.18★
114.00 ± 9.63★
8.988
204.501
59.400
18.308
12.946
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
versus NC group. versus DM1 group. versus DM2 group. FINS: fasting insulin; CRP: C-reactive protein; AI1: atherogenic index 1; AI2: atherogenic index 2; SBP: systolic blood pressure.
