Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Target for Exercise-Mediated Reductions in Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Table 2

Chronic effects of exercise on circulating extracellular vesicles.

Author (year)	Exercise dose	Subtype EV	Preanalytical phase	Collection time	Response
La Vignera et al. [87]	150 min aerobic activity/wk for 3 mo in individuals with and without erectile dysfunction.	CD45^−/CD34^−/CD144^+	Specifics not reported	(i) Baseline; (ii) 3 mo	↓CD45^−/CD34^−/CD144^+
Babbitt et al. [90]	24 wk aerobic training, 3x/wk, 40 min at 65% VO2peak in sedentary, middle-aged African American adults.	CD62E^+	2000g for 20 min at 4°C	(i) Baseline; (ii) 6 mo	↓CD62E^+
Kretzschmar et al. [89]	6 mo aerobic training, 3x/wk, 40 min at 65% VO2peak in pre- and postmenopausal African American women.	CD62E^+; CD31^+/CD42b^−	Double centrifugation at 1500 for 20 min at 24°C	(i) Baseline; (ii) 6 mo	↓CD62E^+; ↓CD31^+/CD42b^− in the premenopausal group only
Bruyndonckx et al. [86]	10 months of 3 supervised sessions/wk combined with diet intervention in obese children between the ages of 12 and 18.	CD31^+/CD42b^−	Double centrifugation of 1525 for 20 min	(i) Baseline; (ii) 5 mo; (iii) 10 mo	↓CD31^+/CD42b^−
Kim et al. [88]	3 days/wk for 6 mo of 40 min at 65% of predicted HRpeak in adults with prehypertension.	CD31^+/CD42b^−, CD62E^−	Double centrifugation of 1500 for 20 min	(i) Baseline; (ii) 6 mo	↓CD31^+/CD42a^−; ↓CD62E^+
Pitha et al. [91]	6 mo of supervised training on a cycle ergometer in renal transplant recipients.	CD34^+; CD45^+	ELISA	(i) Baseline; (ii) Median of 6 mo	No change
Van Craenenbroeck et al. [95]	12 wk, 3x/wk aerobic continuous training (70–75% HRpeak) or aerobic interval training (four 4 min intervals 90–95% of HRpeak with 3 min recovery at 50–70% of HRpeak) adults with coronary artery disease.	CD31^+/CD42b^−	Double centrifugation at 1550	(i) Baseline; (ii) 12 wk	No change