Skeletal Status, Body Composition, and Glycaemic Control in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Table 1
Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with T1DM.
Variable/1
Total
HbA1c < 8%
HbA1c ≥ 8%
Clinical, metabolic and anthropometric characteristics
Females (%)
32 (53.3)
17 (50.0)
15 (57.7)
NS
Age (y)
15.1 ± 1.9
14.4 ± 1.8
16.0 ± 1.7
0.001
Age at diagnosis (y)
9.9 ± 3.9
10.5 ± 3.3
9.4 ± 4.6
NS
Diabetes duration (y)
5.1 ± 3.9
3.9 ± 3.1
6.7 ± 4.3
0.005
Insulin dose (U/kg/d)
0.75 ± 0.21
0.67 ± 0.16
0.86 ± 0.22
0.001
Pubertal (Tanner stage)
3.7 ± 0.9
3.4 ± 0.9
4.0 ± 0.8
NS
HbA1c (%), 1-year period
7.9 ± 1.4
6.9 ± 0.6
9.2 ± 1.0
0.001
Serum 25(OH)D (ng/mL)
15.3 ± 7.0
17.2 ± 7.9
12.8 ± 4.7
0,015
Serum iPTH (pg/mL)
30.4 ± 16.4
27.0 ± 12.6
34.8 ± 19.8
NS
Serum Ca (mmol/L)
2.44 ± 0.09
2.45 ± 0.10
2.44 ± 0.08
NS
Serum P (mmol/L)
1.39 ± 0.19
1.41 ± 0.21
1.35 ± 0.20
NS
Body height (cm)
166.5 ± 11.5
167.2 ± 12.4
166.2 ± 10.3
NS
Body height (SD score)/2
0.07 ± 1.12
0.38 ± 1.10
−0.34 ± 1.02
0.012
Body weight (kg)
58.9 ± 11.9
58.1 ± 13.6
60.0 ± 9.4
NS
Body weight (SD score)/2
0.29 ± 1.16
0.39 ± 1.32
0.16 ± 0.93
NS
Physical exercise (hours in school/week)
3.3 ± 1.3
3.3 ± 1.1
3.4 ± 1.5
NS
DXA parameters
TBBMD (g/cm2)
1.064 ± 0.093
1.055 ± 0.104
1.074 ± 0.077
NS
TBBMC (g)
2271 ± 516
2252 ± 581
2297 ± 429
NS
LBM (kg)
42.8 ± 10.3
42.8 ± 11.0
42.7 ± 9.7
NS
FM (kg)
13.7 ± 7.4
13.0 ± 8.0
14.6 ± 6.7
NS
S24BMD (g/cm2)
1.039 ± 0.166
1.005 ± 0.170
1.084 ± 0.154
NS
S24BMC (g)
43.3 ± 11.9
42.1 ± 12.5
44.8 ± 11.2
NS
S24BMC/LBM (ratio)
1.019 ± 0.197
0.984 ± 0.185
1.063 ± 0.207
NS
TBBMC/LBM (ratio)
0.054 ± 0.007
0.053 ± 0.006
0.055 ± 0.008
NS
FM/LBM (ratio)
0.343 ± 0.198
0.324 ± 0.202
0.370 ± 0.194
NS
/1Data are expressed as mean ± SD; /2SD-scores calculated according to age- and sex-dependent reference data for healthy subjects; -values for differences between subgroups were calculated with independent Student’s t-test, or Chi-square test for categorical variables; NS — not significant. TBBMD — total body bone mineral density; TBBMC — total body bone mineral content; LBM — lean body mass FM — fat mass; S24BMD — bone mineral density, lumbar spine L2–L4; S24BMC — bone mineral content, lumbar spine L2–L4; S24BMC/LBM — bone mineral content, lumbar spine L2–L4/lean body mass ratio; TBBMC/LBM — total body bone mineral content/lean body mass ratio; FM/LBM — fat mass/lean body mass ratio.
