In Vivo Corneal Confocal Microscopy Detects Improvement of Corneal Nerve Parameters following Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Table 2
Clinical characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes with improved HbA1c at one-year follow-up (group A) and consistently poor glycemic control at one-year follow-up (group B).
Parameter
Baseline
One-year follow-up
value
Group A0 ()
Group B0 ()
Group A1 ()
Group B1 ()
A0 versus B0
A1 versus A0
B1 versus B0
Age, y
56.1 ± 17.5
59.4 ± 11.
57.3 ± 17.4
60.8 ± 11.1
0.521
≤0.001
≤0.001
Sex (M/F)
9/7
9/7
—
—
—
Duration of diabetes, y
11.3 ± 11.1
10.4 ± 7.5
12.6 ± 10.9
11.5 ± 7.3
0.780
≤0.001
≤0.001
Weight, kg
72.0 ± 19.0
69.8 ± 15.7
70.3 ± 16.2
68.9 ± 14.1
0.233
0.201
0.940
BMI, kg/m2
27.36 ± 5.49
24.12 ± 7.69
26.73 ± 4.50
24.10 ± 3.25
0.063
0.207
0.909
SBP, mmHg
135.6 ± 15.4
137.4 ± 17.2
134.9 ± 13.5
134.8 ± 15.4
0.307
0.867
0.059
DBP, mmHg
82.7 ± 9.3
82.5 ± 8.6
81.4 ± 11.3
82.2 ± 10.8
0.846
0.552
0.486
TC, mmol/L
4.46 ± 1.23
4.51 ± 1.07
4.44 ± 1.15
4.54 ± 1.11
0.896
0.954
0.208
TG, mmol/L
1.83 ± 1.93
1.92 ± 1.71
1.31 ± 1.16
1.74 ± 1.47
0.671
0.190
0.367
LDLC, mmol/L
2.55 ± 0.78
2.70 ± 0.73
2.45 ± 0.80
2.54 ± 0.80
0.424
0.739
0.677
HDLC, mmol/L
1.26 ± 0.34
1.21 ± 0.31
1.39 ± 0.33
1.29 ± 0.30
0.996
0.073
0.491
HbA1c, %
7.78 ± 1.62
8.55 ± 1.57
6.52 ± 0.59
8.79 ± 1.05
0.268
0.005
0.527
TCSS
4.4 ± 4.4
6.1 ± 4.5
4.5 ± 4.8
6.3 ± 4.7
0.293
0.544
0.468
PMNCV, m/s
44.47 ± 4.10
44.62 ± 4.15
44.46 ± 4.33
43.39 ± 3.84
0.895
0.984
0.124
TMNCV, m/s
44.15 ± 4.86
44.12 ± 4.35
43.56 ± 4.86
42.54 ± 4.66
0.793
0.269
0.951
SPSNCV, m/s
50.42 ± 6.81
48.66 ± 7.48
50.14 ± 7.19
46.64 ± 7.21
0.261
0.287
0.056
SSNCV, m/s
48.87 ± 7.89
47.93 ± 7.20
47.28 ± 6.05
44.67 ± 6.43
0.982
0.293
0.024
CNFD, n/mm2
18.55 ± 5.25
17.19 ± 5.31
21.78 ± 6.13
15.67 ± 4.16
0.070
0.005
0.001
CNBD, n/mm2
21.76 ± 16.10
19.33 ± 12.82
26.19 ± 13.87
14.23 ± 6.56
0.349
0.122
0.033
CNFL, mm/mm2
11.62 ± 2.89
11.16 ± 2.57
13.04 ± 2.44
9.90 ± 1.75
0.137
0.029
0.011
Results are expressed as mean ± SD or counts for categorical variables. Independent-sample -test. Paired-sample -test. test.
