Treatment Adherence and Its Associated Factors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Results from the Rio de Janeiro Type 2 Diabetes Cohort Study
Table 2
Characteristics of all patients and according to general adherence (5 or more days per week in all items of the SDSCA questionnaire, except in exercise).
Characteristics
All patients ()
Adherent patients ()
Nonadherent patients ()
value
Age (years)
65 (10.7)
64 (11.7)
65 (10.5)
0.29
Diabetes duration (years)
8 (3–15)
8 (3–15)
8 (3–15)
0.94
Gender, female (%)
63.9
63.6
64.9
0.82
Schooling years, ≥8 years (%)
25.5
24.9
27.5
0.59
Social security situation (% of retirement)
38
43.6
36.6
0.69
Marital status (% of married)
64.1
70.1
62.6
0.48
Body mass index (kg/m2)
29.8 (4.7)
28.7 (4.1)
30.1 (4.8)
0.005
Diabetes treatment (%)
Metformin
86.8
86.6
86.9
0.95
Sulfonylureas
20.8
21.5
20.6
0.86
Insulin
68.4
67.7
68.5
0.89
Chronic diabetic complications (%)
Retinopathy
31.0
34.8
30.1
0.38
Nephropathy
28.2
28.0
28.2
0.96
Peripheral neuropathy
27.4
24.5
28.2
0.47
Cerebrovascular disease
6.5
7.4
6.3
0.68
Coronary artery disease
14.7
16.0
14.4
0.70
Peripheral arterial disease
13.5
12.6
17.0
0.26
Arterial hypertension (%)
85.3
81.9
86.1
0.30
SBP (mmHg)
139 (18)
139 (20)
138 (18)
0.81
DBP (mmHg)
76 (11)
75 (11)
76 (11)
0.34
Dyslipidemia (%)
87.6
85.1
88.2
0.41
Laboratory variables
HbA1c (%) (mmol/mol)
7.9 (1.6)
7.9 (1.6)
7.9 (1.7)
0.98
63 (15.6)
63 (15.6)
63 (15.7)
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)
2.46 (0.78)
2.45 (0.69)
2.46 (0.81)
0.92
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)
1.19 (0.36)
1.27 (0.36)
1.17 (0.35)
0.007
Triacylglycerol (mmol/L)
1.46 (1.07–2.04)
1.29 (0.97–1.73)
1.50 (1.11–2.13)
0.003
Domains of quality of life (SF-36)
Functional capacity
49 (31.5)
56 (32.3)
47 (31.1)
0.011
Emotional
58 (45.6)
68 (43.3)
55 (46.0)
0.014
Pain
51 (30.3)
56 (30.8)
49 (30.1)
0.041
Occupational performance (COPM)
4.6 (1.9)
5.2 (2.0)
4.4 (1.9)
0.001
Satisfaction in the performance of activities (COPM)
4.3 (2.3)
4.8 (2.5)
4.2 (2.2)
0.035
Limitations/pain (%)
In the upper limb
52.3
37.2
56.0
0.001
In the lower limb
60.3
47.9
63.4
0.006
In the spine
54.8
54.3
55.0
0.90
Values are the proportions, means (standard deviations), or medians (interquartile range). Abbreviations: SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; COPM, Canadian Occupational Performance Measure.
