The Relationship between Diabetes-Related Complications and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Type 2 Diabetes
Table 2
Comparisons between participants without and with any diabetes-related complications and those with and without hypertension.
No complications ()
Presence of any diabetes complications ()
value
Normotensive ()
Hypertensive ()
value
Demographic and glycemic characteristics
Age (years)
51.2 (10.9)
53.8 (11.5)
0.189
47.3 (13.0)
54.8 (10.0)
0.001
Sex (female)
32 (56.1%)
39 (54.9%)
0.891
25 (64.1%)
47 (51.1%)
0.171
BMI (kg/m2)
27.8 (5.1)
29.3 (4.9)
0.100
27.2 (4.7)
29.4 (5.1)
0.023
Diabetes duration (years)
9.4 (9.3)
11.2 (8.5)
0.250
8.5 (8.4)
11.0 (8.9)
0.141
HbA1c (%)
7.2 (6.6, 7.8)
7.9 (6.7, 9.5)
0.023
7.8 (6.6, 9.8)
7.3 (6.7, 8.6)
0.350
Hypertension
33 (57.9%)
57 (80.3%)
0.006
—
—
—
ACEI/ARB use
26 (45.6%)
45 (63.4%)
0.044
1 (2.5%)
71 (77.2%)
<0.001
Statin use
43 (75.4%)
59 (83.1%)
0.284
27 (69.2%)
77 (83.7%)
0.061
Sleep parameters
AHI
8.8 (3.2, 17.3)
12.9 (7.3, 26.7)
0.013
6.1 (1.7, 14.5)
14.6 (8.0, 28.4)
<0.001
ODI
4.8 (1.2, 10.6)
8.3 (3.6, 18.2)
0.018
2.6 (0.6, 8.0)
8.4 (3.8,18.9)
<0.001
AHI ≥ 5
38 (66.6%)
58 (81.7%)
0.051
23 (58.9%)
76 (82.6%)
0.004
AHI ≥ 15
20 (35.1%)
32 (45.1%)
0.253
8 (20.5%)
45 (48.9%)
0.002
Data are presented as mean (SD), median (IQR), or number (%). ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; AHI: apnea hypopnea index; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; ODI: oxygen desaturation index.
