In the View of Endothelial Microparticles: Novel Perspectives for Diagnostic and Pharmacological Management of Cardiovascular Risk during Diabetes Distress

Figure 1

Hypothetical mechanistic insights regarding the potential role played by endothelial microparticles as key downstream mediators of diabetes distress-related cardiovascular diseases. The irregular activation of HPA in diabetic patients leads to the psychological and behavior stress syndrome called diabetes distress, which induces vascular oxidative stress by enhancing the functionality of the renin-angiotensin system and NADPH oxidase; the resultant ROS activate EMP generation upon redox-mediated quiescence of endothelial cells; finally, EMPs trigger redox proinflammatory signaling in autocrine and paracrine mechanisms that underlies cardiovascular diseases positively correlated with diabetes distress. Such putative role assigned to EMPs opens novel perspectives in using the generation of EMPs as a biomarker and a target for diagnostic and pharmacological intervention aimed at the managing of diabetes distress-related cardiovascular risk, respectively. HPA (hypothalamic-pituitary axis); ROS (reactive oxygen species); EMPs (endothelial microparticles).