Diabetes and Chronic Pancreatitis: Considerations in the Holistic Management of an Often Neglected Disease

Table 1

Proposed diagnostic criteria for type 3c diabetes mellitus.

---

Major criteria

(i) Presence of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (faecal elastase)

(ii) Pathological pancreatic imaging (endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), MRI, and CT)

(iii) No type 1 diabetes mellitus-associated autoimmune markers

Minor criteria

(i) The absence of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) secretion

(ii) Impaired incretin secretion

(iii) No excessive insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)

(iv) Impaired beta cell function (HOMA-B, C-peptide/glucose-ratio)

(v) Low serum levels of lipid soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K)

---