Hyperbaric Normoxia Improved Glucose Metabolism and Decreased Inflammation in Obese Diabetic Rat

<div>Muscle fiber cross-sectional area, wet weight, and cytokine expression in the plantaris muscle. Representative sections of the plantaris muscle stained for ATPase activity (a), type IIB fiber cross-sectional area (b), wet weight (c), expression levels of IL-6 mRNA (d), TNF<i>α</i> mRNA (e), IL-1<i>β</i> mRNA (f), and IL-10 mRNA (g). Control: nontreated control group; Control HB: control treated with the hyperbaric normoxia group; Diabetes: nontreated diabetes group; Diabetes HB: diabetes treated with the hyperbaric normoxia group; 1: type I fiber; 2: type IIA fiber; 3: type IIB fiber. <span class="nowrap"><svg height="11.9544pt" id="M35" style="vertical-align:-3.42942pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.52498 72.1595 11.9544" width="72.1595pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M372 352C427 368 507 407 507 502C507 548 486 592 451 616C420 638 376 650 301 650H44V622C124 616 128 610 128 527V123C128 40 122 34 36 28V0H257C336 0 402 12 453 40C512 72 548 124 548 191C548 291 471 335 372 350V352ZM213 362V558C213 591 216 602 226 608C235 614 258 618 282 618C377 618 415 558 415 490C415 406 369 362 260 362H213ZM213 328H258C380 328 450 283 450 181C450 76 377 35 296 34C231 34 213 53 213 125V328Z"></path></g><g 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420 42 411V388C96 378 102 374 102 310V104C102 38 97 33 29 26V0H246V26C187 32 181 36 181 104V339C211 365 250 390 290 390C357 390 381 345 381 276V109C381 40 374 32 315 26V0H524Z"></path></g></svg>.</span> IL-6, TNF<i>α</i>, IL-1<i>β</i>, and IL-10 mRNA expression levels were calculated as fold changes relative to the Control group. <svg height="10.1524pt" id="M37" style="vertical-align:-0.04990005pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -10.1025 6.17869 10.1524" width="6.17869pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,0,-5.741)"><path d="M486 158C486 177 478 202 466 220C413 228 386 236 336 262C386 288 413 297 466 304C478 323 486 347 485 366C470 376 444 381 422 380C389 338 368 319 321 288C323 345 329 372 349 422C339 442 322 461 305 470C289 461 271 442 262 422C281 372 287 345 290 288C243 319 222 338 189 380C167 381 142 376 125 366C125 347 133 322 145 304C198 296 225 288 275 262C225 236 198 227 145 220C133 201 125 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Journal of Diabetes Research

fig3

Figure 3

Figure 3: Hyperbaric Normoxia Improved Glucose Metabolism and Decreased Inflammation in Obese Diabetic Rat 